wordsworth Essays - British Poetry, I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud

One day the speaker is purposelessly walking around like a cloud in the sky with no purpose but to float around. He happens to stumble across a beautiful field that is filled with daffodils that is alongside a lake. He says that the flowers are dancing and moving in such a way that captivates him. The lake moves in a marvelous way that makes him just stop and stare. Both the lake and the flowers move in a way that is so seamless he can?t take his eyes off it. The lake is beautiful but the flowers look so happy. He believes that a poet couldn?t but be intoxicated in the company of the flowers. He didn?t envision that the flowers would be such a treasure that he would keep for a long time. That whenever he felt like a bottomless pit and his life was going wrong he could just remember the flowers and everything would be all right. He exemplifies a time when he was aimlessly walking around in a pasture like a single cloud in the sky that looks like and outcast. ?I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats on high o'er vales and hills? (Wordsworth). Then out of nowhere he sees a field of flowers that is as far as the eye can see moving as beautiful as anything he has come across before in the breeze. In the following stanza he starts to really describe the flowers in great detail. ?Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way they stretched in never-ending line? (Wordsworth). He pronounces its beauty in a way that makes it so picturesque so you can envision its beauty. They make him think of the Milky Way the way they are packed so tightly together.it seems like it will go on for eternity. Then he goes on to say he believes there could be about ten thousand flowers right in front of him. Then he uses personification that the flowers are dancing like they have a sprit in them that is actually maki ng them move. The next stanza is about comparing and contrasting the flowers and the lake. Even though they are both elegant and touching he believes that the flowers give of a vibe that is happy while the lake is just glittery and shiny. He goes on to say that like himself a poet couldn?t contain his joy in the company of such elegance and beauty. He stared for a long time trying to comprehend the significance of what looking would give to him. ?They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude? (Wordsworth).In the final stanza he talks about when he finally comprehends it. He learns that it was afterwards when he was alone and depressed that he thought on that time in the pasture and it made his heart just melt. That experience gave him what he has never been able to see as a poet and now he can use it to his advantage whenever something goes wrong or makes him sorrowful.

Emiliano Zapata

Emiliano Zapata was born on August 8, 1879, in Anenecuilco, Mexico. He was the ninth of 10 children of Cleofas Salazar and Gabriel Zapata, who worked a plot of land in the village and also raised cattle and horses. Emiliano was an orphan by age 16. He was a Mexican revolutionary. The family was not poor, but luxuries and comforts were few. Emilianos father taught him to ride a horse at a young age and his uncle taught him how to use a firearm. These things he learned from his family provided skills that would help him for the rest of his life. At the age of 7 young Emilianos father sent him to school. Emiliano took advantage of his situation and learned to read and write, he also developed an interest in Mexican History. When Emiliano was 9 years old, he saw his father cry because the government had unfairly reserved communal lands. Zapata swore that this would not happen again, and the future leader grew to see his dream of the Agrarian Reform be fulfilled in his native state. Land was always a concern and ever since the sixteenth century sugar boom, haciendas were sprouting up all over the state. Zapata was raised on oral traditions of the long elemental struggle of his people against the hacendados. Growing up he had asserted himself against the hacendados, and because of this he was known to the authorities as somebody to keep an eye on. It was estimated by 1909, 28 hacendados controlled 77% of Morelos. In 1897 he was arrested for protesting against the farmers assuming of communal lands. In 1909 he declared the grievances of his fellow peasants, and was elected president of the board of defense for his village. On March 10th 1911, Emiliano and 72 peasants from Morelos proclaimed the beginning of their revolution. Their slogan, Land and Freedom, has been perhaps most famous of Zapatas phrases. One week later he entered Cuernavaca with 5,000 men.

Legal Assignment for Architecture Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Assignment for Architecture - Case Study Example A covenant is an agreement written under seal commonly used with reference to sales or leases of land. Covenants are privately negotiated and agreed not necessarily obligating both parties involved, but a promise to perform or give something to the other party. The legal document is part of the deed of ownership and represents a binding contract between two parties: the covenantor (the person bound to perform the promise or stipulation) and the covenantee (the person on whose favour it is made). In this instance, Robert is the covenantor, one doing the favour, and John is the covenantee, for whom the favour is intended. Favour at this instance is the retaining wall in Robert's property. Covenants are subdivided into numerous classes. Restrictive covenant is a covenant which restricts the use of land, which is binding not only upon the current owner, but also upon the future owners of the land. A covenant real runs with the land and descends to the heir and is also transferred to a purchaser. If the original owner of Robert's land covenanted to maintain the wall, then the nature of the covenant is a restrictive covenant. Robert is obliged by the restrictive covenant to maintain the retaining wall that already exists. Trying to get a covenant enforced is risky and can be expensive and time consuming. If a covenant is breached, John should check if enforcement is possible by going through the courts. He would need to prove if his rights are affected. If Robert fails to maintain the retaining wall on his property and risks to damage or cause detriment to John's property, John must show that the disrepair of the retaining wall amounts to liability on Robert's part. 2. Does John have a right of support from the wall What is the nature and effect of such a right John has a right of lateral support from the wall. Since John's property or soil had not been altered and it was in its natural state, thereby allowing for the right of lateral support. Lateral support is the right of a landowner expected from the neighbouring property against any slippage, cave-in, landslide, flood, etc. In the case of the two owners, in addition to separating lands, the retaining wall serves to retain the earth. Although John's land is at a much lower level than Robert's, he still has the right of lateral support since the right signifies maintaining the land in its natural position. Since Robert owns the retaining wall, it is his obligation to maintain the wall to prevent soil from slippage upon the adjoining property and that the damage or impending damage is due to the natural state of his property, at this instance, the growing roots of a tree in his property. This impending damage on another's natural state of property requires Robert to give due John's right of lateral support. In this instance where John's property is in danger of land slippage from Robert's property due to a caving or damaged retaining wall that has been covenanted by Robert, caused by the growing trees in Robert's property, John may seek lateral support. 3. Can the tree be chopped down if it is subject to a tree preservation order John needs to request from

Arthropods PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arthropods - PowerPoint Presentation Example Among the arthropods, insects portray the highest degree of species diversity (Lecointre & Guyanden 67). In this discussion, we will focus on the reasons why insects are the most diverse. This paper will also focus on the limitations of these diverse species. Elipura is made up of collembola and Protura. The diplura is closely related to the insecta class. However, research indicates that crustaceans closely resemble insects than the entognatha class. Further research indicates that the collembolla have a different origin from the insects. The first evidence of Hexapods dates back to the Devonian period (Approximately 390 years ago). During this time, the insects are said to have been wingless. However, the preservation of the fossils was poor due to their exoskeleton, which is made of chitin. The evolution of the wings was an adaptation to allow them to survive the harsh conditions of the terrain. Insect fossils believed to have been from the Devonian period have been described. The oldest is a precursor of Rhyniella Praecusor found in Scotland. Primitive rooted plants of the time were localised in moist areas, and hence created soil for early arthropods such as myriapods (Grimaldi & Engel 66). Today, majority of the insects are terrestrial with a few in the marine habitat. The figures described in the previous slide are only representative of the species that have been documented. Forecasting shows that there could be many more species of insects living in non accessible areas that have not been scientifically described. To be recognized, insect species have to be described scientifically. This involves publishing of their description in the specialist journals. This is followed by thorough research. The purpose of this is to describe the insect, as well as classify it depending on it features. New species are recognised after formal descriptions. In Borneo, for the decade 1994-2004, 361 new species were found. 260

Media Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Media Relations - Assignment Example the rules of the press releases using succinct statements, subject line, vis-Ã  -vis the 6Ws: who, what, when, where, why, who cares (Howard & Mathews, 2006). The first paragraph informs the people of the salient points and the rest follows it with clear history of the issue, giving links to the parties involved and to the organization concerned. The least successful release is the one promoting new store opening. The main reason being that it is neither important for people in general nor does it have potential of a news worthy story. It is a local event that is best served by advertisement and not by a press release that would require further investigation or reporting. The release also has no headline/ subject line and is also not backed by hard figures of company’s sales and performance record. Cutler (2012) strongly believes that these are essential elements of public relation strategy that must be reflected in the press release. Moreover, it is full of generalities and advertising junk which fail to make it a news item worth

Impact of PSD2 on the Banking and Payment Industry

Impact of PSD2 on the Banking and Payment Industry Critically evaluate PSD2[1] and its potential impact upon the payments industry, the Banks and the UK customer. Is PSD2 likely to achieve its aims? PSD2 is the second payment directive that came into force in January 2016, as a fundamental piece of payments legislation within Europe, and the first European Law to affect sterling payments.ÂÂ   It is the artefact of an appraisal of the inventive of Payment Services Directive, which requires PSPs (payment service providers) to make significant number of changes to existing operations. On October 8, 2015, the European Parliament received the changed order on Payment Services (PSD2). It requires Europes banks to offer TTP more prominent access to client information and instalment foundation, and gives banks until 2018 to follow its mandates. Depending on how banks react, the new order can be either an impetus for kicking off the advancement of important new plans of action or a risk that will generate genuine focused difficulties. The Directive entails that all Members states contrivance these guidelines as a state law by the year 2018 on the 13th of January. The European Commission used determination to regularly integrate appraisal targets into the Directives, to ensure that the directions endure to be for the specific aim. With the reception of the Payment Services Directive (PSD2), an irreversible move to open managing an account in Europe has turned out to be unavoidable. Europes banks cant bear to sit tight for the authority PSD2 execution date in 2018 to define a key reaction. The primary charge services Directive (PSD) was carried out in the United Kingdom through the bills services guidelines in 2009. It turned into designed to establish a European wide felony framework for price offerings by using placing the data requirements and the respective rights and obligations of price service customers and vendors. It also introduced a new class of PSP, specifically, charge establishments, example: providers of price offerings unconnected to the taking of deposits or the issuing of digital cash, with the aid of laying down the authorisation necessities. European Directives set a EU wide guidelines on market practice, which all the Member States are required to put into effect a rule modifications by a certain date (the transposition cut-off date). In the United Kingdom, the rules are normally carried out by means of Statutory units and from time to time, through Parliamentary Acts. In 2012, the European Commission revised the Payments Services Directives and found that, the legislation had obligated several benefits. Such benefits included a prime enabling of market entrance and, an upsurge in competition for structured payment institutions. The Payment Services Directives provided the groundwork for the effective execution for the SEPA (the Single Euro Payments Area), which went on to greatly enhance the economies. The point of open banking in Europe has been set, which provides standardised access to customer data and banking set-up. The fences for access to third party providers and financial technology companies, are lowered due to the Payments Services Directive by motivating the growth of innovative corporate models and an extensive variety of novel banking amenities. This allows the Payments Services Directive to be a key substance of the commotion and tactical restitution in the banking economies within Europe. The trades within Europe have underway started to hold the varieties of facilities, as well as the corporations that will likely substitute the Payment Services Directive (PSD2). A PwC Strategy consider on PSD2, directed in the primary quarter of 2016, recommends that 88 percent of buyers utilise TTP for online instalments, which demonstrates that there is an expansive, prepared base of clients for other advanced managing an account administrations. All things considered, the gene ral reaction of Europes financiers to Payment Service Directive is one of instability. Although 68 percent of brokers dread that PSD2 will make them lose control of the customer interface, large portions of them stay uncertain how to react to the new order. Subsequently, they are embracing a cautious, keep a watch out position that is hazard disinclined. Interestingly, there are a couple banks and more TTP, that are grasping the potential outcomes of open managing an account also, seeking after methodologies went for winning a main part in the future. Third Party Providers is viewed as a huge change brought by PSD2. It in a general sense changes our association with the bank. This is the first run through keeps money with their client assent will permit TTP access to accounts. By permitting access to accounts, PSD2 makes two noteworthy parts for TTP to play. The European Parliament embraced PSD2 to make it less demanding, quicker, and less costly for customers to pay for products and enterprises, by advancing advancement improving instalment security, and institutionalising instalment frameworks crosswise over Europe. The Payment Services Directive utilises three instruments to accomplish this. The First is, it extends the administrative domain of the European Union to incorporate new sorts of suppliers, for example, instalment start and record data administrations. The Second is, it forces restrictions on exchange charges and stricter guidelines on discounts to lower exchange costs for shoppers. And lastly, the most troublesome that requires European banks to open their instalment foundation and client information to TTP of money related administrations. Imbursement start administration will give another option to card expenses, by moving cash from payer records to traders specifically. This will surely hit card organisation incomes, at any rate in Europe. Even though the specialised subtle elements of the Payment Services Directive have not been completely indicated yet, banks will undoubtedly need to utilise application programming interfaces, such as the Advance Passenger Information System (APIs). These institutionalised interfaces are intense facilitators and drivers of computerised businesses has passed their utilisation in the trading of information, APIs permit organisations to receive a secluded approach for rapidly and cost-successfully making and scaling new organisations. Therefore, the pace of API advancement and utilise is quickening in various enterprises. An example will be Uber for instance, rapidly developed from a little start up to a worldwide organisation by incorporating accomplice abilities by means of APIs. It utilises the Google Maps API to find clients and track drivers, Googles Cloud Messaging API for texting, and PayPals Braintree API for instalment. Notwithstanding utilising APIs, Uber additionally has built up its own API and gave it to different organisations to augment the span of its administrations. For example, Openable, the online reservation organises joins Ubers API in its application to permit clients to orchestrate go to and from eateries when they reserve a spot. Organisations, for example, Amazon, eBay, Facebook, Salesforce, and Twitter additionally have effectively utilised APIs to reinforce their capacities and fabricate their organisations. Presently, European banks must open their information and framework to satisfy administrative necessities. Even though the pronounced concentration of PSD2 is on instalments and access to records, its consequences reach out a long way past that restricted zone. Notwithstanding utilising APIs to accomplish compliance. Europes banks and TTP will have the capacity to utilise them significantly more deliberately. They could add outsider abilities to their centre business offerings through APIs, along these lines making and testing new models and ideas quicker and driving down their cost of development. They could support their cross-offering endeavours and develop their venture into new markets by giving their APIs to TTP. Whats more, they could utilise the shopper conduct and inclination information that collect from these exercises to build up the bits of knowledge expected to make extra new purchaser items and administrations. How much traders can profit by this abnormal state of trust in their instalment administrations will be a vital figure deciding the aggressive danger they posture to banks. On the off chance that they can join high trust levels with exclusive purchaser conduct and inclination information, traders could make a strong establishment for growing past instalments into different administrations, for example, account checking and individual money related administration, that banks have conventionally marketed. The control of the Payment Services Directive has been envisioned as problematic. On one hand, it prepared for new contestant in a range which for quite a long time worked in close fences. Then again it challenges places of existent players by empowering straightforwardness. There were uncommon open doors for new companies, however the greater part of that is going to change as regardless of its disturbance, for those of us in the UK the entire PSD2 brings up new issues about its pertinence after Brexit. For those organisations who stay inside the EU, they will keep on receiving the advantages of instalment information sharing through the mix of PSD2 and SEPA. UK based FinTech organisations outside the European Union might be enticed to migrate into the European Union. An Account Information Service which is also known as AIS, is characterised in Article 4(16) as an online service to provide consolidated information on one or more payment accounts held by the payment service user with either another payment service provider or with more than one payment service provider. PSD2 presents the Account Information Service Providers, AIPs whom are regularly alluded to as TTP, who are permitted to give an accumulated perspective of the client(s) records. The PSD2 content makes it clear that clients have a privilege to utilise PIS and AIS where that beneath PSD2, this information cannot be given out and such information can only be done, with the full consent from the client. That implies faster, more straightforward administrations, access to cash and computerised applications, which gives combined perspectives of accounts and in addition more oversee assets. For instance, if you have accounts in numerous Banks, you regularly have admittance to accounts through every Bank stage, the record data administrations API urge TTP to give a merged perspective of all the accounts. It is discernible that PSD2 wont permit banks to separate diversely to payments started utilising TTP, compared to that of the one started through their own system. It is evident that such access of records and payment start opportunity fuelled development, by permitting innovation new businesses to work into a region which was not accessible before. This implies a level playing field for new participant and occupant cultivates rivalry, development, and controlled situations. These progressions mirror the market development in E-Commerce business exercises and utilisation of web and portable payments and in addition, the ascent of new mechanical improvements and a pattern towards clients having associations with different record suppliers. Advance clarity with regards to the degree, is relied upon to develop amid the transposition stage. Notwithstanding, commonly, a dealer may incorporate a start to benefit given by a PISP into its online checkout procedure, to empower it to offer the choice of online acknowledge exchanges as another option to use another than to pay with Debit or Credit card. PIS could likewise be offered nearby AIS to move cash starting with one paying account then onto the next, considering the data accumulated. AIS permit purchasers and organisations to acquire a merged perspective of their records and to utilise instruments to investigate their exchanges and going through examples with at least one PSPs. Managers are very much aware of security concerns raised because of incorporation of TTP in the region which was beforehand accessible just to bank-particular channels. The Payment Service Directive has considered how important this matter is, and has set down new security necessities for other methods and ways to start payments and ease of convenience. PSD2 brings the idea of SCA, which is a more secure verification instrument that goes past two element validation, with the first validation being that, something a client knows, such as, a password or a memorable answer to a security question. The second validation is that, is prove ownership by stating a memorable passcode number(s). SCA presents a third measurement alluded as inherence recognises that client(s), can have access the option of fingerprints or voice biometrics. The exchange is an expression that rose out of the first PSD, which alludes to the exchanges where payers or beneficiaries are based outside of the European Union. In the first PSD, the exchanges were out of degree. It was the main European Union monetary forms that were initially focused on. PSD2 expanded the extent of the first PSD. Exchanges in any coin where both the payers and beneficiaries pay specialist cooperation that is situated in the European Union go under PSD2 transmit. Exchanges in any money where either the PSP or the beneficiarys PSP is situated in the European Union, regardless of different PSPs situated outside the European Union, go under the PSD2 dispatch. PSD2 presented more positive discount open doors for direct charge. Sitting aside the definitive expected and hopeful result of PSD2, there are absolutely some critical breakthroughs still to be accomplished if the venture is to stay on focus for conveyance in mid 2018. While the banks have regularly commenced consistence extends, and have gained ground to more prominent or lesser degrees, they are sitting tight for some basic additional data from the European Banking Authority, to which the Commission has appointed duty regarding the production of the Regulatory Technical Standards required for PSD2 usage. These specialized guidelines will go some approach to characterizing how banks will be required to give access to record data to outsiders, for instance by means of an API. They will likewise cover how the solid (two element) validation PSD2 presents, to expand the security of electronic payments, should be actualised. The specialised principles wont be accessible in draft shape for conference until the end of 2016, and they wont be finished for y ear and a half after that, which implies that associations need to arrange their systems in view of the data as of now accessible, and arrangements considering set up specialised models ought to give adaptability if any change is required when the specialised rules are settled. Work Cited https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/12833/does-psd2-still-matter-to-uk-after-brexit https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Catalyst-or-threat.pdf http://www.paymentsuk.org.uk/sites/default/files/PSD2%20report%20June%202016.pdf https://www.ingwb.com/media/1609662/preparing-for-psd2_vroegh.pdf [1] DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/EC

People Like Us :: Literary Analysis, David Brooks

This essay will discuss the intrinsic relationship between diversity conceptualization and social integration presenting a response against David Brooks’ essay entitled â€Å"People Like Us.† In order to do this I will discuss four crucial elements: the influences of different definitions of diversity in cultural unification, Brook’s ideas about social groups working together and social groups coexisting together, the importance of diversity, and the influence of diversity in social changes. I will examine why some people have the perception that our American society ignore or see as unworthy diversity. Thus, I will dispute Brook’s view stating that our society disregards diversity, and Americans just pretend that it is important to them. First, I will discuss the influences of different definitions of diversity in cultural unification. The major problem concerning this issue is that many people differ in the real meaning of the concept and how they view their personal involvement. Brook argues that â€Å"we do not really care about diversity all that much in America, even though we talk about it a great deal† (306). However, they are the general, erroneous interpretations of diversity that are really creating this wrong image of indifference. According to Kira Hudson Banks in her research entitled â€Å"A Qualitative Investigation of Students’ Perceptions of Diversity,† many people defined diversity as race and do not include other types of diversity (153). The real definition of diversity includes different elements of the identity and culture of each person. Diversity involves cultural differences, such as origins, religious or political affiliation, race, and gender, and other more profound differences, such as experiences and personality. As Banks argues in her research, the real definition involves several elements of our identity (149). Therefore, the way in which we define and conceptualize diversity affects the way in which we interact with people of others culture, race, and affiliations. Second, I will discuss Brook’s ideas about social groups working together and social groups coexisting in a specific area. According to Brooks, in the United States we cannot see neighborhoods with different races or cultures because people always try â€Å"to group themselves with people who are basically like themselves† even in their workplaces (306-307). He makes this asseveration giving just an example on how wealthy Democratic and Republican lawyers do not tend to buy expensive houses in the same neighborhoods (307). However, in our country we can see middle class neighborhoods where we have different social groups coexist together, such as Coral Gables in Miami, Fl or Pembroke Pines in Broward, Fl.

Engineering Ethics of Titanic Sinking Essay

Utilitarianism Look at the Titanic When engineers design a product many things go in to the decision making process when it comes to selecting materials, design, and the manufacturing processes. One concern that has always been in the decision making process is trying to make sure the outcome will always be ethically good, although this isn’t always the case. Try as they might, no person is perfect, and accidents do happen. When engineering disasters happen there are many factors that may be involved, such as human factors, design flaws, extreme conditions, and materials failures. When these things do happen it is important to look at the ethical aspect of each part of the failure and try to analyze if any one person could be put at fault. One very famous and very disastrous engineering failure was when the â€Å"unsinkable Titanic† hit an iceberg and sank. The Titanic was a British ship originally conceived in 1907 to be a mail and passenger line to go from England to New York by the Harland and Wolff Irish Shipbuilding Company and The White Star Line to compete with the Lusitania and Mauritania which were the two biggest and fastest steamships at the time. When the Titanic was constructed weighed and astounding 46,000 tons, which was one and a half times heavier than the Lusitania and Mauritania. The Titanic was to be far more extravagant than its counterparts. It had luxurious accommodations for its first class passengers including on-board swimming pools, a gymnasium, bathrooms with stained glass windows and comfortable furniture, and even the styles of decor differed from cabin to cabin. The Titanic also had a great number of less glamorous rooms to accommodate middle class passengers, which is where they p lanned to make a lot of their profit. Although it was more luxurious, the Titanic was slightly slower than its competitors. The ship set sail on April 10, 1912 for its maiden voyage. It stopped at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland to let on more passengers and mail  before setting off for its final destination around dusk of April 11. The next afternoon, reports of an ice in steamship lanes were heard over the radio, but this was not unordinary for the time of year. As time went on more detailed warnings were being received and it became apparent that an ice field lay in the path of the Titanic. The ship tried to divert its path twice to miss the ice field, but on the night of April 14, lookouts spotted and iceberg in the immediate path of the Titanic. The ship tried to reverse directions when the warning came but it was too late. The Titanic struck an iceberg estimated to be six times more massive than it. This caused the hull, which had become less ductile due to the freezing water temperatures, to buckle allowing vast amounts of water to fill the ship. The Titanic was constructed with 16 wate rtight compartments, and four would be able to flood without incident, but this collision caused six of the compartments to flood. In less than three hours the massive shia form of ethics in which the aim of action should be to create the largest possible p carrying more than 2,200 people sank in below zero water. Only 705 passengers and crew survived and were picked up by the liner Carpathia the next morning. To fully understand this disaster and its possible causes and alternate outcomes it is important to look at the possible causes individually as well as a whole. It is also important to look at them from many different ethical perspectives, although, for this look at the sinking of the Titanic I have chosen to focus on a utilitarianism standard. Utilitarianism is a type of ethics popularized by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mills in which the aim of action should be to create the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In other words, each decision should be made to result in the most happiness for the most people. This makes it a form of consequentialism, where the consequences of one’s conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct. Jeremy Bentham created an algorithm to determine the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to cause. He called this H edonic Calculus and it was divided into seven different categories. Bentham based this calculation off of intensity, or the strength of the pleasure, duration or how long the pleasure will last, certainty or how likely it is pleasure will occur, propinquity or how soon the pleasure will occur, fecundity or the likeliness it will be followed by pleasures, purity or probability that feelings of the opposite will occur, and extent or how many people will be affected. I will try to put some of the major failures of the Titanic in to these categories to determine the ethical standing of the engineers responsible for the Titanic. When analyzing this disaster the first thing to consider is the engineer’s design of the Titanic. The Titanic was employing many new and innovative designs that were believed to make the Titanic the safest ship ever built at that time. The engineer’s of the vessel made claims that the Titanic was â€Å"unsinkable† and that â€Å"even in the worst possible accident at sea, the ship should have stayed afloat for two to three days.† One of the features that lead them to this claim was the 16 watertight compartments in the hull of the ship. The way they were designed allowed for up to four compartments to be breached and they ship would still carry on. This feature of the ship would be a good act when looking at it from a utilitarianism view because in all categories of the hedonic calculus it seems like it will cause the most pleasure for the most number of people. Although the idea was good, it could be argued the execution was not. The compartments were mad e watertight by watertight doors that could be dropped manually if flooding occurred. This allowed for the compartments to be watertight horizontally, but the rooms had no ceilings, and the walls only went a few feet above the water line. This meant if a vast amount of water flooded a compartment it could flow over the top of one and spill into another. When applying the calculus to how the compartments were constructed the duration was medium because the walls at least slowed the water down some and hindered the sinking. The certainty and propinquity were good because it allowed for immediate pleasure, conversely the fecundity and extent are poor because the pleasure will be followed by pain when the compartments begin to spill over which would cause for a great number of people to experience pain, with a fewer number experiencing the pleasure. Another decision that led to the eventual demise of the Titanic was the materials chosen for the very important rivets. The flash of the Titanic also made it quite expensive to construct. To cut some costs the 3 million rivets used were made of two different materials, one stronger than the other. Steel rivets were only used in the central hull of the ship because this is where the engineers thought that the strongest rivets were needed. Weaker iron rivets were used in the stern and bow of the ship. This low quality metal used on these parts lost their integrity and became brittle in extremely cold waters, like the ones the Titanic would be travelling through. When applying to utilitarianism to this decision it is clear to see that this was a bad action. The duration of the pleasure would only be until something threatened to break the weaker rivets, but this is where you would want pleasure the most. It is unlikely that pleasure would continue throughout the life of the ship or happen suddenly so the certainty and propinquity are also bad. It is not likely that the pleasure of cutting costs would be followed by other pleasures so the fecundity and purity would be low. The extent of this possible pa in would be very great while the pleasure of saving money would only help a few which is also very bad in a utilitarian sense. The last oversight I will look at is the number of life boats on the Titanic. There was a law that required all vessels over 10,000 tons to have at least 16 life boats on deck. These were considered to be unappealing to the eye, so to try and give the greatest pleasure to their passengers the Titanic only had 20. Even though its massive size would have required over four times as many boats. This decision was made because the Titanic was â€Å"unsinkable† so the life boats were more on board to help save survivors of other boat crashes. This decision was initially pleasurable, but due to the circumstances turned out to cause great pain. The duration of the pleasure would be great as long as the boats were never needed. The certainty, propinquity, and extent were all high as long as the boat was above water. But if a crash happened all of these along with the purity and fecundity became very low. This action would have to be considered a bad action because when designing a ship you must consider the worst possible situations. When looking at all these flaws from a utilitarianism view it is clear that short term pleasure was always chosen over the possibility of long term pain or pleasure. This resulted in many thing being pleasurable up until the crash, but when designing a product where people lives may be at risk it is important to base your decisions on what would cause the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of people in all possible situations and outcomes. The hubris of the engineers clouded their vision and they failed to do this which resulting in the death of 1500 of the 2200 people on board the Titanic when it sank. Bibliography 1. http://www.matscieng.sunysb.edu/disaster/ 2. http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9801/Felkins-9801.html 3. http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ 4. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/titanic.htm 5. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary 6. http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/uer/bassett.html 7. http://www.titanicuniverse.com/

Essay on Business Ethics

Essay on Business Ethics Essay on Business Ethics Essay on Business EthicsWhat is the Categorical Imperative? How are the principles of Universalizability, Dignity of Persons, and the Kingdom of Ends derived from this Deontological Theory?Immanuel Kant is an outstanding philosopher who managed to give explanation to various concepts regarding responsibility and morality. Kant states that responsibility can be viewed as moral action that has its value. Kant defined the Categorical Imperative as â€Å"the statement of the moral law, or of supreme principle of morality† (De George 64). According to his philosophy, the principles of duty can make any action a Categorical Imperative, while any purpose that affects an action is Hypothetical Imperative. According to Kant, there can be only one Categorical Imperative, which was identified in his formulas of universal law. The Categorical Imperative is connected not only with the matter of the action, but also it is connected with its form and the principles followed by it. As a resul t, the Categorical Imperatives ignore any purposes and outcomes of the action. De George states that technical terminology of Kant helps to better understand the nature of the moral law. According to Kant’s philosophy, â€Å"the moral law commands categorically, not hypothetically† (De George 64). The Categorical Imperative differs from Hypothetical Imperative. According to De George, â€Å"the Categorical Imperative supplies the basic criterion of morality, even though in ordinary life we tend to solve moral problems by using second-order moral principles or rules†(70). Thus, the Categorical Imperative should not be applied to any situation.   One of the examples of the application of the Categorical Imperative is Ten Commandments, which reflect human morality, grounded on ethical principles.The principles of Universalizability, Dignity of Persons, and the Kingdom of Ends are derived from this Deontological Theory. According to Deontological Theory, some acti ons may be prohibited, while other actions may be obligatory. The principles of Universalizability can be viewed as a Deontological Principle, because it reflects Deontological Ethics. According to Kant’s philosophy, there may be only one Categorical Imperative, which is represented in three formulations: the universal principle of the law of nature, the principle of ends, and the principle of autonomy. These principles are called the principles of Universalizability. Nevertheless, it becomes clear that the principles of Universalizability do not generate any concrete norms of action, morally permissible. According to De George, According to De George, the Deontological Theory considers that â€Å"being moral is the same as being rational† (24). If a principle can be regarded as moral or rational, it must refer to Universalizability, and should be applied to everyone and to any situation. The Principle of Ends says, â€Å"So act as to treat humanity, whether in your o wn person or in that of any other, in every case as an end, and never as merely a means† (qtd. in De George 66). Each individual can be regarded as a rational being as he/she has a dignity. This fact means he/she should never be exploited as a means to generate good. The principles of Universalizability, Dignity of Persons, and the Kingdom of Ends are derived from Deontological Theory because of the morality of actions. According to Kant, the major principle of morality must be focused on the moral law that has universalizability characteristics, applied at all times to any moral agent.Thus, the Categorical Imperative is a significant criterion that helps to evaluate morality and moral principles. Kant’s philosophy claims that it is necessary to derive morality from reasoning. Morality depends on moral good. Deontological Theory generates the Categorical Imperatives that stand for the duties independent of any theory of good, placing emphasis on the action rather than o n the results or outcomes. Deontological Theory helps to solve the problems of morality. De George states that Kant’s moral theory is deontological because he is focused on the actions that are considered to be morally right in their motives, and that should be derived from duty rather than from inclination.Question 2What is the distinction between causal responsibility and moral responsibility? What are, if any, the excusing conditions for moral responsibility? What role do these excusing conditions play in terms of a) moral responsibility and b) moral accountability?There is the distinction between causal responsibility and moral responsibility. De George, the outstanding American philosopher, states that moral responsibility can be lessened in case of excusing conditions, which may prevent the individual’s action, making it impracticable. Moral responsibility can be viewed as a minefield as it is based on the concepts that do not include obligation or freedom of cho ice. It is possible to punish an individual on the account of his/her moral responsibility. However, causal responsibility has a different meaning because it depends on someone’s will. Let’s take another example: self-defense and murder. An individual may be causally and morally responsible for an action. In some cases, causal responsibility can be viewed as an essential condition of moral responsibility. De George states, â€Å"I am responsible for having hit him† (100). An individual may not be morally responsible for this action, but he/she will be causally responsible in any case. In other words, an individual may be causally responsible for some action if he played some role in bringing this action about. An individual may be morally responsible for some action if he/she not only played some role in bringing some action about, but also he/she initiated or organized some events which led to the occurrence of the action. It is necessary to understand the sign ificance of moral responsibility for business organizations. According to De George, causal responsibility is â€Å"an ingredient in both moral and legal responsibility† (100). De George believes that the chain of responsibility can be represented as a long chain, which involves individuals to bear both causal responsibility and moral responsibility. There is much evidence that causal responsibility is part of moral responsibility. For De George, it is very important that corporations are guided by corporate members who play the role of moral agents. This fact means that corporations can be morally evaluated.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two types of excusing conditions for moral responsibility. These excusing conditions include ignorance and force. According to De George, â€Å"excusing conditions supply reasonable ways for lessening or predicting moral responsibility†(103). An individual may be morally responsible for the action, but because of excusing conditions, he/she is not responsible. Excusing conditions help to mitigate moral responsibility. For example, in the law, excusing conditions are recognized, and the murder committed of passion is considered to be less serious that the murder committed as a premeditated murder (De George 103). Moral responsibility is associated not only with the following concepts: â€Å"duty, obligation, possibility, knowledge, freedom and choice,† but also with â€Å"liability, accountability, age, praise, blame, intention, pride, shame, remorse, conscience and character† (De George 104).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moral accountability is a rather complicated concept as it is focused on an individual’s obligation and willing to act. Moral accountability can be found at all organizational levels in any business organization. An individual is ready to give an account of another individual’s action. According to De George, different members of an organization should be morally accountable for their actions. Accountability is focused on an individual’s explanation of one’s responsibility for some actions. Excusing conditions play an important role in terms of moral accountability. According to De George, moral accountability consists of being prepared to render a moral account of an action either for ourselves or as agents for others†(105). This fact means an individual should be ready to give an account of his/her actions, for which he/she bears responsibility. Nevertheless, it is necessary to mention that a moral account of an individual’s actions cannot be given clearly in moral terms.Essay on Business Ethics part 2

How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issue or Set of Issues Essays

How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issue or Set of Issues Essays How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issue or Set of Issues Essay How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issue or Set of Issues Essay Operations direction is the field which is concerned with forming and put to deathing physical and proficient activities of a house. These actions are conducted by a combination of natural stuffs and processing or piecing the assorted constituents. utilizing the services of workers. machines. tools and power. It is a typical integrating of many different maps. Operations direction programs usually include instructions in rule of general direction. fabrication and production system. An operation may be defined as the procedure of altering input into end products by adding value to some entity ( Edurkar. 2009 ) . The two cardinal maps are to supply a merchandise or service and to sell that merchandise or service. It involves the planning and scheming of all maps necessary for the procurance of the firm’s merchandise or services. There are some specific facets of operations direction merchandise or services to stress ; company volume and location of concern feasible for clients and providers. selling schemes. techniques and machinery to do goods. work force direction and preparation and quality confidence. While set uping a leather industry in Kanpur India or even a little unit. an enterpriser is required to pay attending to assorted evidences like size. location and layout as they shape the efficiency of production. Such factors should sooner be considered by the enterpriser at the undertaking planning phase. and they must be cautious about them at the undertaking execution phase. A leather industry is normally comprised of four sectors ; the foremost and primary sector being the tanning and coating sector ( Singh. 2002 ) . This stage in the production procedure possesses a batch of importance because the leather industry involves both little and heavy industries. so its size varies and depends upon the handiness and handiness of a big natural stuff base. Country’s farm animal like American bisons and caprine animals provide basic natural stuffs for this industry. Some factors determine the size of the industry like land. edifice. etc. Size of land should be adequate to take attention of present and future demands like storage of natural stuff and finished goods. Kanpur in Utter Pradesh is a metropolis which enjoys abundant handiness of natural stuff and it is really easy to set up a leather production unit at that place because it besides has basic substructure for this concern ( Bhargava. n. d. ) . As proper location of an endeavor is important for its success. so Kanpur is the topographic point where a fresh enterpriser can set up his leather concern easy. because handiness of natural stuff and cheap skilled labour is non a large trade as it has a professionally developed leather market. The first issue of operations direction is the designing of a system. This begins with merchandise development. It should get down with the appraisal of client demands and bit by bit turn into merchandise design. The competency and setup that will bring forth a merchandise. every bit good as the information system needed to detect and command public presentation. are portion of this design procedure. Equally far as the leather industry or unit is concerned. one factor is rather interesting and promoting that this concern in developing states like India is non as hard or complicated in footings of competency and equipment needed. For illustration. a fledgling can originate a little bungalow leather industry with sensible investing and can acquire a cheap skilled labour force. Kanpur is the largest Centre of American bison based leather in India. Its tannery industry ( tanning is the procedure of continuing teguments of animate beings to bring forth leather ) began during the British regulation and the industry has continued to turn since so. Most of the tanneries are little. so it is rather executable for an enterpriser to originate a leather-oriented concern in this part. Leather production system design in the specific part is dependent upon the bing resource base. During recent old ages. most of the leather industries have shifted from industrialized to developing states. Reasons can be frequent handiness of natural stuff. inexpensive labour cost and flexible environmental ordinances. As environmental ordinances are stricter in the industrialized developed universe. set uping leather concern in a state like India can be helpful for an endeavor so that opportunities of alterations in its layout would be minimum.

Business Dissertation about Currency Wars Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16500 words

Business about Currency Wars - Dissertation Example The report gives a literature review on the topic and also explains the rationale of the study. It discusses the studies and opinions of many analysts, who have clearly mentioned in their views the connection currency wars, and trade, exports, imports and grey imports. The research is believed to provide crucial knowledge on the impacts of currency wars as a strategy to boost exports and contract imports. Interpretive research methodology has been used in the data collection and analysis. The research approach has been qualitative as well as quantitative and case study method has been applied. A case study of the Euro, USD, AUD and Yen has been used for the research purpose, which has helped to answer the research questions. The case studies have comprised of theoretical and analytical frameworks. During the entire research program, all the ethical issues have been taken care of, and the purpose and procedures of the study have been clearly declared. The dissertation explains all the procedures applied for data collection, the results that have been obtained, and a clear analysis based on the examinations has been provided. Based on the analysis, a view has been provided on the importance of currency wars, in the light of international trade.... I am also much obliged to my supervisors who guided me with their timely advice, feedbacks and suggestions which aided me in attaining the expected standard of work and keeping me punctual as per the scheduled deliveries of dissertation chapters. Table of Contents Serial no. Topic Page no. I Introduction, Aims & objectives and Research Questions 8 I.1 Introduction 8 I.2 Aims 10 I.3 Objectives 11 I.4 Research Questions 11 II Literature Review 13 III Research Methodology 29 IV Findings and Analysis 36 V Discussions 55 VI Conclusion 58 VII Recommendations for future Research 61 References 66 List of figures Figure no. Topic Page no. 1 Devaluation improves Balance of trade 15 2 Nominal Exchange Rate between Euro and USD 40 3 Standard Deviation in USD relative to Euro 42 4 Nominal Exchange Rate between USD and Yen 47 5 Standard Deviation in Yen relative to USD 48 6 Nominal Exchange Rate between Euro and AUD 53 7 Standard Deviation in Euro relative to AUD 54 List of Appendices Serial no. T opic Page no. Appendix A Nominal Exchange Rate between Euro and USD 64 Appendix B Standard Deviation in USD relative to Euro 64 Appendix C Nominal Exchange Rate between USD and Yen 64 Appendix D Standard Deviation in Yen relative to USD 65 Appendix E Nominal Exchange Rate between Euro and AUD 65 Appendix F Standard Deviation in Euro relative to AUD 65 II) Introduction, Aims and Objectives and Research Questions: I.1) Introduction: The term ‘Currency War’ was coined by Guido Mantega, the Finance Minister of Brazil, in 2010. (Draghi, 1) Currency War is a â€Å"battle over the value of each nation’s currency and the impact it has on their trade relationships† (Willis, 51) It is a competitive devaluation strategy of the government for the generation of

Corporate Social Responsibility Plan Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility Plan - Research Paper Example to the need to incorporate these plans directly into corporate social responsibility and so the plans are implemented isolated differently from corporate social responsibility plans. Until such a time that the corporate strategic plans of the company are integrated into the corporate social responsibility plans, the full potential of the company in terms of organizational growth cannot be attained. Nationwide Insurance is certainly in the financial industry, where it is expected to be a major stakeholder in the determination of the investment of people through insurance. Closely related to the background of the role of the company in offering secure investment policies for its clients are the vision and value statements of the company structured. The vision statement of the company is therefore given a â€Å"to become a competitive leader in the provision of risk-free insurance that meets customers at the points of their need†. The vision statement indicates clearly that the major focus of the company is the customer and that the company wants to put the customer first in all its business dealings. Much of the company’s ways of going about its business is directed at achieving the vision of the company. This is however done in a well laid out format that is backed by the use of empirical themes. For example, there is the use of three spheres and the environment, which together makes economic, political, civil society and the environment. In all of these thematic areas, the company tries to give to the customer value oriented service and business product that satisfies the demanding conditions of the company. On a scale of ten therefore, the success rate of programs that are currently in use in line with the four themes could be said to 8 out 10 successful. It was recently discovered that one of the best ways to achieve a holistic goal for all four themes is to make use of corporate social responsibilities (Urwick, 2003). This led to the designing of a series