Mary Mallon free essay sample

Soper just appeared at Mary Mallons spot of remain and began blaming her for spreading sickness to numerous individuals through her cooking vocation. (Leavitt, 19) Mary Mallon has immediately became cautious in such a case that you were to take a gander at her she seemed, by all accounts, to be a solid lady. Leavitt, 20) She asserted she has never been wiped out with Typhoid fever so by what means can she spread the sickness in the event that she never was wiped out from it? Mary Mallons threatening and impolite response to Sopers allegations were her first slip-ups for this situation. (Leavitt, 100) Soper simply needed to help Mary not detain her, and even offered her a book bargain and a lot of cash through helping him in his examinations of being a solid transporter. (Leavitt, 110) Soper thought that it was difficult to prevail upon Miss Mallon, despite the fact that he had proof giving her that she can be a potential clarification for the flare-ups, Mary Mallon picked not acknowl edge it. Leavitt, 110) Mary Mallon was a survivor of destiny and battle since she was average workers and a foreigner. (Leavitt, 117) Society felt that most helpless foreigners that come to America were messy and unsanitary and the wellspring of contamination and spreading of ailments. (Leavitt, 118) Mary Mallons response to Soper, and other wellbeing authorities were against the standard during the hour of the 1900s. (Leavitt, 124) Mary would act extremely unfriendly and compromising, even to such an extent as to threaten to use a blade on Soper to frighten him away. Leavitt,19) Woman were relied upon to act increasingly cultivated particularly to specialists and since she acted unfriendly and trying to claim ignorance of the proof didn't assist her with packaging by any stretch of the imagination. Mary Mallon likely calculated that she would have been a survivor of disastrous situation on the off chance that she didn't battle for her opportunity, she felt that wellbeing authorities were mak ing an effort not to support her however were out to plot against her. (Leavitt, 174) S. Josephine Baker was the official wellbeing controller and had a profound enthusiasm for Mary Mallons case since she was a lady. Bread cook felt as though she had the option to help Mary more therefore. (Leavitt, 44) Baker was sent to go gather stools of Marys to check for tyhoid microscopic organisms in her stool. Mallon was avoiding Baker anyway in the she was living at and even had different hirelings spread for her. They guaranteed they didn't have the foggiest idea about the whereabouts of Mallon. (Leavitt, 46) Mary Mallon emerged cocked and locked and attempting to oppose setting off to the Willard Parker Hospital. (Leavitt, 47) At the medical clinic, bacteriologist found a high number of typhoid microscopic organisms in her stool. Leavitt, 47) Baker and other wellbeing authorities saw lady as more perilous microbes transporters than men in light of the job of cooking they play in the kitchen. (Leavitt, 97) More and more transporters were lady, 1923 insights show that there were 106 solid bearers and 82 of them were uncovered to be lady. (Leavitt, 98) Mary Mallon would not consent to wellbeing authoritie s about understanding that she was a sound transporter. They felt she was a danger to society. In the time of 1907 Mary Mallon was sent to left in a disengaged school for isolate on North Brother island in New York. Leavitt, 20) Mary Mallon was there for a long time despite the fact that she gave off an impression of being solid. (Leavitt, 20) Mary Mallon needed to be discharged from the island since she despite everything asserted she was sound and never had typhoid fever in her life. She employed George Francis ONeil to take her case. (Leavitt, 76) ONeil didn't have faith in bacteriology science. This was as yet another idea to comprehend in the public eye during this time. (Leavitt, 84) Even however there was a ton of proof that there was numerous typhoid cases were Mary worked, ONeil felt as though there were insufficient proof that she was the explanation everybody was becoming ill. Leavitt, 85) Measurements have appeared in 1907 that there was 4,400 new instances of typhoid fever, just two of them were followed to Mary Mallon, so for what reason would she say she was being bolted up when there were numerous different threats in the public arena? (Leavitt, 85) ONeil felt that Soper and Bakers proof was fragmented. Mary Mallon said she had worked in numerous homes where nobody became ill from Typhoid fever. (Leavitt, 86) Health authorities kept on contemplating Mary Mallons stool to continue analyzing for typhoid microorganisms. ONeil was attempting to refute that it was to confine Mary Mallon from the world when there were numerous other sound transporters strolling uninhibitedly. Leavitt, 88) The division of wellbeing asserted she was perilous to society to the adjudicator since she was a cook and would not recognize that she was a solid transporter and that Mallon could get more individuals wiped out. (Leavitt, 89) Mary Mallon was the first publically distinguished solid t ransporter, and since she didn't carry on to the standard of lady jobs in the public eye as being quieted and gathered about the circumstance, the wellbeing office was going to make her a case of how not to go about as a sound bearer. (Leavitt, 90) ONeil petitioned for habeas corpus for Mary Mallons case so she can be discharged from the island. Leavitt, 76) Public before long got on to the story through paper and didn't comprehend why a sound people freedom can be removed. Mallons story apparently was progressively thoughtful now as a result of the press. Wellbeing magistrate Lederle tuned in to the publics feeling and discharged her from North Brother Island in February 1910. (Leavitt, 145) It got known to the open through papers that there was other enormous quantities of solid bearers strolling free and Mary Mallon ought not be singled out. (Leavitt, 145) Mary Mallon was discharged from the island after right around 3 years of remaining there. She settled on a concurrence with Health authorities that she would no longer cook as her calling. Wellbeing authorities even helped her secure another position cleaning garments, despite the fact that it didn't pay just as a cook, they felt it was more secure to society. (Leavitt, 145) Even however Mary Mallon guaranteed to never be debilitated, she despite everything consented to this arrangement, she most likely felt it was more secure than to have her gallbladder evacuated so as to show signs of improvement according to the wellbeing division. (Leavitt, 173) after five years after her discharge, Mary Mallon was discovered my Baker working at Sloane Hospital as a culinary specialist. Leavitt, 151) This rankled the open once the story was discharged in the press. Mary Mallon got an opportunity at opportunity and demolished it intentionally. (Leavitt, 151) Sloane medical clinic was a maternity emergency clinic and Mallon might got 300 individuals debilitated. (Leavitt, 152) Mary Mal lon was sent back to North Brother Island on the long stretch of March, in the year 1915. (Leavitt, 192) Mallon began taking a shot at the island as a medical caretaker and help aid the emergency clinic research facility to search for tuberculosis microbes in patients stools. Leavitt, 194) This is uncommon for Mallons case as she didn't put stock in the new study of bacteriology, yet she was helping North Brother Island during her repression. (Leavitt, 199) There were numerous other publically know solid transporters in the public arena however they were not sent to constrainment and confinement like Mary Mallon. Alphonse Cotils and Tony Labella both worked in the food taking care of business and settled on a deal to avoid working in that line of business. Both were found damaging the understanding in any case. (Leavitt, 119) Labella had more typhoid cases than Mary Mallon, more individuals kicked the bucket as a result of him yet he was not detached as Mary Mallon seemed to be. Leavitt, 119) Labella disregarded his understanding two additional occasions, yet wellbeing authorities were all the while letting him walk free. (Leavitt, 119) The wellbeing office even discovered him development business to win a living. (Leavitt, 120) What presented Labellas defense unique i n relation to Marys is that he was a man who had a family to help, where as Mary was a solitary lady without anyone else. (Leavitt, 120) Perhaps if Mary Mallon had family or a help she would not of have been bound toward the North Brother Island for a mind-blowing remainder. Another solid bearer case was by a man name Frederick Moersch. Moersch lived in Brooklyn, New York and possessed a dessert shop. (Leavitt, 121) He influenced fifty-nine individuals and was set in Riverside Hospital. (Leavitt, 121) He was progressively similar to Cotils and Labellas case and had a family to help. (Leavitt, 122) Moersch settled on an understanding that he would be discharged go into society similarly as long as he didn't serve frozen yogurt or any sort of food to the general population. (Leavitt, 122) Moersch had a wiped out spouse and the main methods for living was his frozen yogurt shop. In the time of 1928, Moersch wound up in a circumstance where he couldn't get himself any work. (Leavitt, 123) He came back to the frozen yogurt shop business, despite the fact that it abused his concurrences with the courts. (Leavitt, 123) The press before long got on to this story and the wellbeing office guaranteed it would ensure society and confine Moersch similarly as they segregated Mary Mallon for abusing her understanding. (Leavitt, 123) Moersch spent numerous years at the North Brother island however he was not confined for life as Mary Mallon seemed to be. Leavitt, 124) Moersch contaminated a larger number of individuals than Mallon, and the wellbeing office even assistance monetarily support Moersch and his family. (Leavitt, 124) Alphonse Cotils was another sound transporter of typhoid. He was a peril to society since he claimed a pastry shop and an eatery and had a very high possibility of spreading typhoid microscopic organisms. (Leavitt, 57) Cotils thought about his un derstanding and still purposely damaged it as he was found in court again in 1924. (Leavitt, 57) Cotils was seen as blameworthy, however the adjudicator allowed him his opportunity since he vowed to avoid his bread kitchen and his café. Leavitt, 58) It turned out to be evident that the wellbeing division were rewarding each solid transporter unique and that there were not set of authentic principles on whether a sound bearer ought to be segregated. (Leavitt, 125) Mary Mallon was getting sick and endured numerous strokes in the time of 1932. (Leavitt, 160) She was incapacitated as a result of the strokes deadened her. (Leavitt, 160) Mary Mallon spent the greater part of her grown-up life at North Brother Island, despite the fact that

Nitendo case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nitendo case - Essay Example Obstruction to passage is seen because of the necessity of a huge client base. ii) Demand and Supply Analysis: The lower the value, the higher is the interest. The accomplishment of benefit amplification point wins in the suppliers’ minds. iii) Economies of Scale: Difficult to procure points of interest from economies of scale because of low selling cost of consoles and modern innovation. iv) Core Competencies: Modernized support and controller configuration, advertising and alluring game structures lifted up Nintendo. Nintendo is a member of oligopoly showcase and alongside hardly any solid contenders like Sony and Microsoft it involves around 96% of the market. Its three central abilities: brilliant showcasing aptitudes, modernized consoles and dynamic game plans, give it perpetual interest by its purchasers in this way, setting it much in front of its rivals in the market. Nintendo’s aptitude in appealing consoles, controller structures, handhelds and games are its apparatuses which are valuable to the shopper and can nor be imitated nor subbed. On July 7, 2006, Nintendo opened a South Korean auxiliary in Seoul (â€Å"Nintendo†, 2006). Nintendo’s execution has been fittingly estimated by portraying the Net Income and Revenue, the Stock Value, the Net Profit Margin and the Earning per Share. The conduct of the purchaser and the business, the market structure, the degree of rivalry alongside the center abilities like ingenuity, showcasing and alluring game plans give abundant extension to assessing Nintendo’s execution. Budgetary troubles should be survived. Market to a lifetime buyer ought to be the objective. For Mario game, point ought to be to catch shoppers of 28 years old by upgrading it. The Nintendo Revolution is perfect right now. Cost of the new comfort ought to be $ 200 which is a lot of lower than others. This ease will receive rewards of market control consequently

How To Improve Your Keyword Research With Ann Smarty From Internet Marketing Ninjas [AMP 024] - CoSchedule Blog

Instructions to Improve Your Keyword Research With Ann Smarty From Internet Marketing Ninjas [AMP 024] Blog Watchword examine: Is it dead, or is it still a supportive technique when building up your substance? The appropriate response is that it’s still an indispensable piece of numerous marketers’ methodologies! On the off chance that you realize how to utilize watchword research and SEO appropriately, you know they’re not going anyplace! Today’s visitor is Ann Smarty, the brand and network chief at Internet Marketing Ninjas. She is likewise the originator of MyBlogU.com. She’ll be sharing exhortation on discovering center terms, discover great watchwords, structure your substance, and a mess more. This scene is jam-stuffed with important data, so set aside the effort to tune in. Somewhat about Ann and what she does at Internet Marketing Ninjas and with her different ventures. Ann's opinion of the misnomer that catchphrase look into is dead and why she accepts watchword inquire about is so advantageous for content promoting. Where to begin in the event that you are new to catchphrase inquire about: finding the correct center terms and concentrating on watchwords that have appeal and low rivalry. What watchword expectation is and why it’s significant for an advertiser to get it. Ann discusses the contrast between enlightening plan, value-based goal, business goal, and navigational goal. Where to put catchphrases inside the substance: Does watchword recurrence and explicit position matter? Ann shares her best suggestion. A clarification of catchphrase strings and how they assume a job in site improvement. Ann’s best recommendation for somebody fresh out of the box new to watchword look into. Connections: Ann on LinkedIn Web Marketing Ninjas MyBlogU MyBlogGuest Google Keyword Planner Serpstat The Ultimate Content Marketer’s Guide to Keyword Research In the event that you loved today’s appear, if you don't mind buy in on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The web recording is additionally accessible on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Statements by Ann: â€Å"Keyword explore is advancing and it will be there for a long time to come.† â€Å"Brainstorm with your group and record which terms portray your business best.† â€Å"Don’t attempt to improve everything. Concentrate on making top to bottom content.†How To Improve Your Keyword Research With Ann Smarty From Internet Marketing Ninjas [AMP 024]Transcript Nathan: Keyword look into is dead, correct? Or on the other hand not. It turns out certain advertisers simply misconstrue how to utilize watchwords successfully inside their substance. In any event that’s what you’ll gain from Ann Smarty. She’s the Community and Brand Manager at Internet Marketing Ninjas and the originator of MyBlogU.com. What's more, as Ann knows, neither watchword look into nor SEO are going anyplace. What would it be a good idea for you to do now? You can tune in to Ann share some excessively commonsense counsel on this scene of the Actionable Marketing Podcast. You’re going to figure out how to discover your center terms, look into important catchphrases, gauge your opposition, comprehend your searcher’s goal, structure your substance, sort out everything and a ton more. I’m Nathan from and I am super siphoned about this jam stuffed scene. Let’s hear what Ann needs to share. Hello Ann, you're the best for being on the digital recording today. Ann: Thanks for having me. Nathan: I’m excessively happy to have you. I realize that we’ve been following a ton of the substance that you’re making, so you are an incredible brain to discuss SEO when all is said in done. With that, I was thinking about whether you could disclose to me somewhat about yourself and what you do. Ann: Absolutely. At this moment, I’m Brand and Community Manager at Internet Marketing Ninja, that’s the organization situated in New York, United States. I’ve been into scan advertising for likely 10 years now. I’ve lost check and I originated from Ukraine, which is the place I began, which is the place I got known and which is the place I got welcome to the United States to seek after my vocation here. I have a couple of side individual undertakings too. My most established venture is MyBlogGuest, I surmise numerous individuals realize that one. I additionally have my Viral Content B and MyBlogU at the present time, those are stages for bloggers to advance their substance, to think of substance thoughts, to help one another, that sort of stuff. I represent considerable authority in showcasing devices, I know bunches of them, I do a great deal of blogging. I’m genuinely versed with watchword explore, content conceptualizing and stuff that way. Nathan: I think that’s an extraordinary progress to what we need to discuss today with the subject of watchword examine and particularly for content advertising. To start this discussion, some of the time I hear that people say watchword explore is dead. I’d truly love to hear your point of view on this. What’s your interpretation of watchword investigate being dead or kicking the bucket? Ann: The short answer, it’s not. I know where this talk is coming from on the grounds that web search tools got so much propelled, they don't require so much arithmetic right currently to comprehend what individuals are looking, so that’s why individuals feel that they don't depend on watchwords as much as they used to. Which is incompletely evident yet watchword investigate is more advancing than biting the dust. It’s significantly less about accurate catchphrase strings and substantially more about top to bottom substance, ideas referencing every one of those elements and stuff. It’s advancing, turning out to be progressively common in light of the fact that it’s adjusting to versatile looking through where individuals simply express what they to discover as opposed to composing those catchphrases. It’s developing yet it’s still there and it most likely will be there for a ton of years to come since it encourages individuals to get request, they help individuals, they help us to comprehend what individuals are keen on, they help in conceptualizing, they help structure your substance. It’s unquestionably alive and flourishing. Nathan: Maybe just to delve somewhat more profound into a portion of those advantages, I was thinking about whether you could clarify why catchphrase investigate is so significant for content promoting? Ann: First of all, watchwords are words, terms that individuals type or state into the web index to discover whatever they are searching for. That implies the more famous their catchphrase is, the more we think about the interest of that specific crowd. In the event that they will in general kind ‘Vegetarian cafés in Atlanta,’ that discloses to us that presumably there are numerous veggie lovers that can't locate a decent eatery in that specific zone. That shows the interest and that shows how we can take into account that request. That’s the initial step for us to break down what individuals are keen on in your industry. Also, catchphrase explore helps in conceptualizing content. On the off chance that you need to delve further into what individuals are searching for, you can compose content about that kind of thing, addressing those inquiries, so individuals can look and discover your article. It’s helpful investigation and upper hand as well. Nathan: Ann, we realize that catchphrase inquire about isn't dead, it’s extremely critical to interface with your crowd scanning for stuff that you’re expounding on. I was thinking about whether you could clarify where would it be advisable for someone to begin who’s new to watchword examine? Ann: The initial step is to comprehend what is your center terms. That’s where we start any watchword look into that we use. The center term is most likely what you yourself should get yourself on the grounds that you’re in that industry, you realize what you’re doing, you recognize what kind of business you’re claiming. It’s the word that we will grow with each one of those other little words to go with. For instance, if I’m in the eatery business once more, my catchphrase isn't the café on the grounds that I don’t need to rank for café in the Google Search, first it’s inconceivable. Also, it’s most likely pointless in light of the fact that individuals are not searching for just eatery. They are searching for café in your general vicinity, they’re searching for veggie lover eateries, they are searching for increasingly explicit things. That center term is actually your first thing you need to rank in Google. Once more, if I’m in the eatery business, I need to rank to for eateries in Atlanta in light of the fact that that’s where I need individuals to discover me. Or on the other hand if I’m making a substance course, I need to rank for content advertising course in Google for individuals to discover me, that’s my center term I need to rank in. That’s up to you which your center term is. Nathan: It bodes well. Positioning for something like café doesn’t truly help you out. Individuals could be looking for a definition or something to that effect. I need to investigate center terms only somewhat more. In what capacity can an advertiser discover those center terms? Ann: First simply customary conceptualizing likely with your group, you plunk down, you simply record which terms depict your business best. On the off chance that you are extremely new to the business, which is obviously additionally a choice, you go to things like glossaries, you simply search those words on Google and discover thesaurus or other conventional things that you don’t think about the business and you discover those terms that depict whatever you’re doing. You find possibly equivalent words to your undeniable terms that you know, there is additionally a decent instrument that Google gives, it’s changing constantly. I’m as yet utilizing it yet it’s not that as simple as it used to be, yet at the same time it’s a decent one, Google AdWords Keyword Planner Tool. You type your assertion there, it will show you that word as well as related terms, terms that individuals will in general be keen on when they are scanning for your words. You make a rundown. Don’t do too much, 10 center terms is an incredible rundown to begin with. Nathan: Another thing about catchphrase arranging and watchword explore is important catchphrases, this is something you’ve expounded on. I was thinking about whether you could characterize what y

Detecting Bias Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recognizing Bias - Assignment Example en by Catherine Porter and titled as â€Å"Lessons of the Montreal Massacre: Why ladies must battle to be what they want† for predisposition and the degree of inclination introduced in her distribution. The title is the main component of an article that draws in the peruser and rouses him to peruse or accept what way the article is slanted towards. The title of this article unmistakably demonstrates that it is agreeable to ladies who are one-sided or confronting challenges in being what they need. Nonetheless, the article title leaves the peruser considering the primary topic and henceforth advances the understanding procedure. Doorman utilizes words which show her own association in the issue. She utilizes the words like ‘we’ and ‘us’ to pass on the message of harmony and commonality of feelings. Doorman utilizes certain words which obviously express her one-sided sees and even uncover her focused on crowd through this article. For example she composes â€Å"If you are one of those youthful women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which plainly demonstrate that this article is composed with a point of view to convince ladies perusers on her viewpoint. She utilizes a powerful tone to pull in the perusers and acknowledge her cases. She states â€Å"If you are one of those young ladies who says you arent a women's activist, you havent heard this story.† This case, on one hand, challenges the musings of ladies who state they are not women's activist and underscores on the significance of her expressed story on the other. The realities uncovered in this article are obviously critical. Like the reference to specific occurrences and realities help in building up her case. For example the reference to the occurrence which she includes her article as â€Å"In 20 minutes, he shot or cut 27 individuals, generally ladies, before shooting himself. Fourteen of his casualties died.† This case doesn't just put the ladies at a disadvantageous position due to segregation or predisposition from the contrary sex yet in addition clarifies the degree of separation and inclination by expressing that â€Å"All of them were women†. He r

The role of computers in teaching and learning Essay

The job of PCs in educating and learning - Essay Example An educator can utilize a white board likewise to show and improve learning experience. Another reality is if an understudy composes while he is examining the idea gets put away in his brain in a superior way. The idea creator is attempting to clarify here is that planned instructional media can just assistance and bolster an educator in his educating. This can be additionally clarified by the way that things said by an educator are better clarified and comprehended when pictures are utilized to outline them utilizing planned instructional media. The last point raised by the creator here is, the planned instructional media’s adequacy relies on the instructor implying that how well the educator is utilizing every one of these accomplices to accomplish his target. To ensure that the PC and its peripherals are in a decent working condition the most ideal path is to check up everything. The initial step is ensure that the PC isn't arranged in a detached spot and the spot isn't hot. PCs ought to be set in places where cross ventilation is acceptable. A test ought to be made to ensure all the equipment gadgets are in acceptable working condition each wire is effectively connected. The similarity of gadgets is exceptionally essential or other astute a PC can have programming issues while running. It ought to be ensured that all the jumpers are associated in their legitimate attachments. Each time the PC runs it ought to be appropriately booted and a legitimate technique for closing it down ought to be followed. Innovation has given each field on the planet a lift or a stage forward. A similar case is for educating and learning. Innovation gives us significant help in learning and instructing things. PC has reformed the world since it appeared. PC has experienced advancement itself and caused humankind to feel its quality also. Individuals have begun depending on PCs an incredible arrangement which can be seen all over the place.

The Best Volunteer Opportunities By

Non-government organizations and charities exist to fill in the gap that governments cannot fulfill. They protect and assist marginalized sectors so they can have better lives. They are groups who want to make the world a better place, or in the case of organizations fighting for the environment, to keep the world alive. With the plethora of issues and tragedies plaguing the world, it is hard to decide on which advocacy to devote ones time to. However, it is also pure naivety to think that one can address all issues in one go. Lucky for us, there are numerous organizations targeting different issues and advocacies. However, they cant do it alonethey need the manpower of volunteers to function.Why volunteer?A lot of people mistakenly brag that volunteering is a life-changing experience. That going out of ones comfort zone lets one see the beauty in the world and other peoples cultures. This is actually a selfish, rather short-sighted perspective. It does nothing but feed ones ego, and makes one susceptible to erroneous or, in the worst case, fraudulent organizations. Before you proceed with volunteering, consider first your perspective and your motivation. If this is your way of thinking, remind yourself that volunteering is and should always be a selfless act. The focus is on what you can do for your community, and not what volunteering can do for you.For young volunteers, it is advisable to look for volunteering opportunities within your own locale first. International volunteering opportunities require specialized skills that you may not have yet. This does not mean, however, that you should not volunteer now. This is a great opportunity for you to explore different advocacies that you may eventually specialize in. There are many volunteers whose college choices and career paths were influenced by their volunteering experiences. The same can apply to you.Here are 10 volunteering opportunities you should not miss this 2019:Teach for AmericaFor education majors or those whose majors are related to education, Teach for America is a great volunteering opportunity. TFA has been around since 1989, providing quality education to children. This organization aims to fight education inequity and expand opportunity for marginalized sectors. If teaching or education is your passion, you should definitely volunteer here.In addition to Teach for America, the organization has expanded to other countries through the Teach for All organization. They encourage volunteers to teach in their own countries.Habitat for HumanityHabitat for Humanity is a global non-profit housing organization that operates in the US and in 70 other countries. People build their own houses alongside volunteers and then pay for it through the assistance of financial aids offered also by Habitat for Humanity. The NGO also helps renovate or rebuild houses affected by natural disasters.Habitat for humanity does not need skilled volunteers. Anyone willing to volunteer their energy an d sweat towards building affordable housing is welcome. Volunteer here.National Coalition for the HomelessHomelessness is a problem that has plagued men, women, and children for decades. It is coupled with other issues like poverty, hunger, and health. The National Coalition for the Homeless does not just provide opportunities for homeless people to improve their situation but they also provide support for those at-risk. They also have year-round projects that involve raising awareness and lobbying for improved legislation that members are encouraged to join.The National Coalition for the Homeless will connect you with an organization in your location, too. See here.In Her Shoes FoundationIn Her Shoes Foundation is dedicated to empowering girls and women through various strategic programs. Their flagship program Ready Set Girls Academy teaches young women life skills and cultivate self-esteem while exploring their own identities. The IHSF also offers the Professional Development Pro gram that aims to empower women through personal and professional growth.There are various volunteering opportunities at IHSF. Volunteers keep the entire foundation running, so whatever skills you have to offer can surely be of use at IHSF. Volunteer here.Ocean ConservancyCleaning the ocean is just one way to help fight climate change, but it is one of the most accessible volunteer opportunities for young people. Every year in September, Ocean Conservancy hosts the International Coastal Cleanup that anyone can join. The International Coastal Cleanup is not just a normal cleanup. Volunteers are tasked to record every piece of trash they collect. Data from everyone who participated is collected by the Ocean Conservancy that they then publish and use for further studies to improve the situation of the environment.You can join as an individual or start a International Coastal Cleanup with your friends at a beach near you. All you need to do is register here and use the DIY Cleanup kit.F eed the ChildrenFeed the Children works across the US and around the world to combat hunger. Their primary program is their food-distribution programs in which volunteers assemble boxes filled with foods and other essentials that are then delivered to families in need. They also offer free school supplies at their Teacher Stores. Internationally, they engage with local communities and organizations to give children access to food, education, as well as livelihood for their parents.Everyone is encouraged to take part in Feed the Childrens volunteer events.Food Pantries.orgFood Pantries is a US non-government organization. There are Food Pantries in every state and city. Food Pantries involve soup kitchens, food shelves, and food banks where people can get food, as well as subsidized groceries. These efforts make food accessible to those who need it. Food Pantries is one of the most accessible volunteering opportunities for young adults since their work does not require specific techn ical skills. This volunteering opportunity is the perfect alternative summer job for college students!Check out Food Pantries in your city to see how you can volunteer.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)If you have more experience with volunteering or social work, you can head on to apply as a volunteer for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR). The UNCHR helps refugees and internally displaced people all over the world. The organization provides shelter and safety to refugees forced to flee their homes due to violence.The UNCHR also started the 2 Billion Kilometres to Safety campaign. In solidarity with refugees who cover about 2 Billion kilometers every year in search of safety, the UNCHR is raising awareness by encouraging people to walk, jog, or run with them. Participants can connect their fitness apps or manually track and input the distance they walked or ran. The main aim of the campaign is to raise awareness on issues on immigration and eradicate myths about immigrants. However, you can also ask your friends and co-workers to donate money to the UNCHR for every kilometer you cover.International Rescue CommitteeThe International Rescue Committee is a global humanitarian aid NGO that Albert Einstein helped create. It works in over 30 crisis-torn countries providing safety, food and shelter, health, education, and financial opportunities to refugees. They also provide assistance to newly-arrived refugees in America from basic needs, to document processes, to helping adjust to life in America.The IRC may have a compact goal, but volunteer opportunities are varied. Since they are a global organization, they have program offices at different areas in the US. Apply as a volunteer here.Doctors Without BordersDoctors Without Borders is a well-known non-government organization that provides healthcare to remote areas all over the globe. It is one of the most common organization among doctors. However, if you want to help th eir advocacy but are not a doctor, you can still volunteer through their charity streams. You can organize a live-stream fundraiser for Doctors Without Borders by simply embedding your stream on their Tilify page. You can also use charity stream events as a way to raise awareness about Doctor Without Borders advocacy, as well as about other health issues faced by your country or the world. You can give a short PowerPoint Presentation or hand out flyers to attendees (just make sure that your materials are factual and written professionally). It is an easy and fun way to raise funds and awareness for Doctors Without Borders. Plus, your friends will surely love to participate.Ghostwriting services for studentsFor people who are not yet experts at areas that these non-government organizations need, the best contribution, aside from donations, is to raise awareness about their advocacy. The more people know about the problem, the more people with the necessary skills and qualifications m ay be willing to help. Most of these volunteering opportunities place emphasis on raising awareness. You can attract more support and volunteers for your advocacy or chosen NGO with well-written informational materials. does not just offer essays and research papers, but also posters and brochures suitable to your event.

New Orleans Jazz - Free Essay Example

New Orleans was the birthplace of Jazz in the early 1900s. It was the most influential music of its time and started a cultural revolution in America. Everyone of every race enjoyed the rhythms and smooth sounds of Jazz. Not only did it break race barriers, but it produced one of the greatest musicians of all time, Louis Armstrong. His performances were nothing short of legendary, and he became the best known black musician in the world. (Starr, waterman. 2018) The sound of Jazz is uniquely American, originating in the hardy town of New Orleans. It was a city full of hardships and on the decline by the time the sweet sounds came out of the city. (Gioia, 2011) The city was a town Built in a bad place (Gioia, 2011) The people there had many troubles; from flooding and tropical storms, to the constant worry of sickness. But, like most Americans at the time, they still enjoyed dancing and playing music as ways to escape their daily lives. Their music was also distinct because of the cultural melting pot of people that lived there. There was a large mix of Blacks, Whites, and Creole people that each had their own style of music. (Starr, Waterman. 2018) In spite of the hardships the people of New Orleans faced, they still knew how to have a good time. Rag-time music was being played in ball rooms across the city and this was a large precursor to jazz. (Starr, Waterman. 2018) However Buddy Bolden was the one who is often given the credit for creating the first sounds that were distinctly Jazz. (Gioia, 2011). Not only was he influenced by the ragtime music of the day, he was also influenced by his church and the early Black spirituals that they sang. (Gioia, 2011) Perhaps the greatest accomplishment of Jazz was the perfect mesh between the two styles created a rich and unique sound that everybody could dance to. While Bolden may have invented Jazz music, his followers perfected it. The sound was so unique and catchy that people of all races wanted to get in on the jazz movement. In fact, the first recordings of early Jazz were made by a white group from New Orleans called the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. (Starr, Waterman. 2018) These recordings allowed people all over the country, black and white to experience the sounds of New Orleans and the popular music that was created there. It quickly became the music of choice for many dance halls across America (Starr, Waterman 2018). Then came Louis Armstrong. He is a testament to how influential and long-standing jazz music has become, even in the modern age. He was one of the first black musicians to become a household name. Everyone wanted to hear him perform. He Closed the book on New Orleans Jazz (Gioia, 2011). His career spanned nearly 60 years and within those years he managed to have dozens of top singles and created some of the most memorable music that is still commonly heard today. Armstrongs influences are often cited as being Buddy Bolin, and King Joe Oliver. (Gioia, 2011) He first heard their music, ran with it, and perfected it. He got his start with King Olivers band in Chicago and worked his way into New York by joining Fletcher Hendersons band. (Starr, Waterman. 2018). From there he stormed the recording studios; people couldnt get enough of his solos and unique style of music. Most musicians, white and black, wanted to play like him and saw him perform. In conclusion, Armstrong helped to break down the race barrier through jazz. It became a universal sound that many Americans, and even people around the world, wanted to hear. It didnt matter if you were white, black, asian, or some other race; they could all talk about one thing. Jazz and Louis Armstrong. The sound also resonated with Americans because it helped them escape their own troubles, as it did in New Orleans. This was furthered by the Great Depression and the advent of the radio, everyone wanted to listen to music that helped them out of their daily slump, and that music was Jazz. (Gioia 2011). It is still listened to and enjoyed even today. References Gioia, T. (2011). The history of jazz. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Starr, L., Waterman, C. A. (2018). American popular music: From minstrelsy to MP3. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Idea of Honor in Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue...

This essay compares the conception honor in Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and The Franklins Tale from The Canterbury Tales. The problem of honor seems to be timeless in its difficulties. There are many ideas and opinions concerning this delicate subject, which always is popular, along with its ability to frustrate and perplex the human. During the time of Chaucer, females such as the Wife of Bath were asserting their rights against the forces of male chauvinism. Apparently, the battle of the sexes for supremacy is everlasting in its intensity and has always been fought. Consequently, we have both male and female chauvinists, and they appear in Chaucers works. They make for interesting reading. In â€Å"The Franklin’s†¦show more content†¦Aurelius reveals his love to her and jokingly she agrees to his love and embrace if he removes all the rocks from the east coast of Brittany. Aurelius goes to a student-magician and agrees to pay him one thousand pounds if he can do the impossible and remove all the rocks from the coast of Brittany. The magician is successful in the deed so Aurelius goes to Dorigen to ask her to keep her promise. She is shocked and contemplates suicide rather than disgrace herself. During this her husband returns home and learns of what has happen. Even though it causes him great grief, Arveragus tells her to fulfill her promise. Aurelius finds out of his nobility in telling her to do that and cancels the promise, and the student magician also cancels the debt Aurelius owes him. In â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale,† the Wife of Bath is married five times and always tries to have mastery over her husband; however, at the time she gains mastery over a husband, he dies. After explain how she gained mastery over her fifth husband she tells a tale of a young knight in King Arthur’s court who rapes a young girl. The law says he should be killed but the queen and ladies of the court beg and keep him alive. He tells a foul old lady he will do whatever she demands if she saves his life and she does by giving him the answer he needs. The old lady demands that the knight marry her and in agony the knight agrees too.Show MoreRelatedAttitudes Toward Marriage in Chaucers the Canterbury Tales1477 Words   |  6 PagesAttitudes Toward Marriage in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Chaucers The Canterbury Tales demonstrate many different attitudes toward and perceptions of marriage. Some of these ideas are very traditional, such as that discussed in the Franklins Tale, and others are more liberal such as the marriages portrayed in the Millers and the Wife of Baths Tales. While several of these tales are rather comical, they do indeed give us a representation of the attitudes toward marriage at that time inRead MoreEssay about The Ideal of Marriage1238 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning the wife and the husband are together and living happy in there married life, other married couples may tend to cheat and disrespect each other, meaning that the married couple are not together or are separated may be there opinion of the ideal marriage. In the medieval period Chaucer, writes to his audience the ideal of marriage in his stories. In Chaucers Canterbury Tales he explains the medieval way of a ideal marriage In The Wifes and Baths Tale and The Franklins Tale suggest thereRead More Chaucer Essay2650 Words   |  11 Pages Chaucers The Canterbury Tales demonstrate many different attitudes toward and perceptions of marriage. Some of these ideas are more liberal thought such as the marriages portrayed in the Wife of Bath, the Clerk’s and Merchant’s Tales. Then there are those tales that are very traditional, such as tha t discussed in the Franklins and the Squire’s tales. And lastly there is a tales of that of the Friar and the Summoner which aren’t really involved with marriage but are in the middle of the marriageRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pages1. allegory: a literary work that has a second meaning beneath the surface, often relating to a fixed, corresponding idea or moral principle. 2. alliteration: repetition of initial consonant sounds. It serves to please the ear and bind verses together, to make lines more memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless

Ethics And A New Accountants Perspective On Enron

The Law, Ethics and a New Accountant’s Perspective on Enron Ethics is a decision one makes in knowing the right thing to do and actually doing the right thing. They are the rules of behavior based on one’s belief of what is morally good and bad. A person may hear the word ethics and immediately think of government or the law. Not only does ethics have a role in government, it also plays a major role in business, including accounting. Schroeder, Clark Cathey (2014) state that the â€Å"reason for a high level of ethical conduct is the need for public confidence in the quality of services provided by the profession† (pg. 624). Ethical conduct not only encourages a high standard of performance; it also encourages a high quality of professional†¦show more content†¦Morals and virtues also play a major role in one’s ethical behavior. Morals are rules that one learns as a result of their childhood upbringing and culture. Morals differ from ethics because morals are personal in nature; on the other hand, ethical stand ards must be same for everyone. Virtues are positive character traits such as integrity and honesty, which a person develops over time. Moral and ethics are classified as good and bad, while laws are categorized as right or wrong. A person’s ethical beliefs not only influence their decisions on a day-to-day basis, they also influence business decisions in many ways. Seldom are ethical decisions clear and concise this is due to the fact that a person’s culture and demographics influence their ethical decisions. As a new accountant employed by Enron one of the first red flags would have been their mark to market accounting method. This method allowed the company to value an asset or liability at the current market price. In doing this, they were able to pick any value that would make their books look good. Executives at Enron were able to speculate and record projected earnings from natural gas and record these unrealized earnings as revenue. This accounting method is subjective and easily manipulated. As the recording of

Against the Monarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in the...

The French Revolution was a civil revolt that broke out in France against the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church, which lasted from 1789-1799. This resulted in the establishment of France as a republic, democratic government and caused the Roman Catholic Church’s necessity, as well as its power to be questioned. The French Revolution ended the thousand-year rule of the monarchy in France and began when King Louis XVI gathered representatives from the 3 social groups called the Clergy, the Nobilities and the Commoners to solve a great national debt and economic crisis France was experiencing. The American Revolution is believed to have greatly influenced the French, and may have inspired the French Revolution. As the French†¦show more content†¦The French commoners from the third estate proclaimed themselves as the National Assembly as they disliked the way King Louis XVI was dealing with their financial crisis. The King gradually acknowledged the National Assembly’s constitution and their laws that stated all men would be treated as equals when more nobles and clergy joined the third estate. As time passed, food became very scarce in France due to poor harvests and it was feared that the King would end the existence of the National Assembly. Then on the 14th of July 1789, the French rebelled against the King, the nobles and the church by attacking the Bastille, a prison were weapons were stored. This prison was the symbol of power for the nobility and the King, therefore as a result; attacking it would rebel against all that the monarchy represented. The National Assembly besieged the Bastille, killed the Governor of the prison, and freed seven prisoners. The â€Å"Storming of the Bastille† was known as the first significant action of the French Revolution and is still commemorated today in France. As well as this, the French citizens also formed their own military forces, kn own as the National Guard to aid the National Assembly and its ideals. During the months of August 1789 and September 1790, French society was reorganized. Feudalism, and advantages that that nobility and the clergy hadShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution802 Words   |  4 Pageswas an absolute monarch. Bastille Day- Bastille Day in France is celebrated on July 14th.The event is like independence day but in France. The storming of the Bastille was the start of the French Revolution. Bastille was a prison in Paris that this took place. The Third Estate of France fought against the King and Queen to lower taxes. Columbian Exchange- The Columbian Exchange was the trade between America and Europe. Plants, animals, diseases and technology were traded during this period ofRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreIncredible British and French Revolution1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eighteenth century was the beginning of Europe’s two incredible revolutions which are the British and French Revolutions. The British Revolution is very different from the French Revolution. Many different events and issues led up to the British and French Revolutions that make them different from one another. For example the primary factor that led to the British Revolution was the power of religion. W hile, the French Revolution was based upon feudalism as well as the inequality of the third estateRead MoreThe Role of the Roman Catholic Church During the Enlightenment1570 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitution of Europe, the Roman Catholic Church, was forced into direct confrontation with these changing ideals. The Church continued to insist that it was the only source of truth and that all who lived beyond its bounds were damned; it was painfully apparent to any reasonably educated person, however, that the majority of the world’s population were not Christians.2 In the wake of witch hunts, imperial conquest, and an intellectual revolution, the Roman Catholic Church found itself threatenedRead MoreComparing the American and French Revolutions1488 Words   |  6 PagesStates and French right before times of revolution. It therefore, compares and contrasts the French and America revolution and looked into the similarities of some f the events just right before the revolution took place. In conclusion, we look at the perception of the people on the methods used by both countries to push for revolution. Introduction Similarities Both French and America had various similarities and differences in histories of events which resulted to their revolution. The AmericaRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Execution Of King Louis Xvi2000 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the beginning of the French Revolution to the execution of King Louis XVI, the people took drastic measures to create more freedom and justice for themselves. In doing this, the Catholic Church was persecuted and France was de-Christianized. The French Revolution damaged Catholic culture by trying to control the Church’s power, putting it under the control of the State and executing its members. This was excessive on the part of the French people. The way that the Church was treated during thisRead MoreAp Euro Chapter 191602 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 19- French Revolution 1) Describe the 3 estates of France. Who paid the taxes? Who held the wealth and power in France? The first estate was the top 1% of population which is the government, church, and clergy men. They experienced special privileges and paid no taxes. The Second Estate is made up of the 2% of population and included nobility. They experienced special privileges and were taxed lightly. The Third Estate was made p of the common population. They included lawyersRead MoreWhat Were the Causes and Consequences of the Scientific Revolution and How Did It Change the World from 1500 - 1800?1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scientific Revolution was an important time in history, but it was by no means sudden. The catalyst of the Revolution were a while in the making with writings and philosophies from Ancient Greece and Rome inspiring people and was a long process of gradual of upheaval, up until the Enlightenment. This essay will examine the various, but not inexhaustible, causes that may have contributed to the Scientific Revolution; the teaching and philosophies of Aristotle, Ptolemy and Descartes, The RenaissanceRead MoreEssay on Ap Euro Review Packet1669 Words   |  7 PagesReligious-One of the causes was that the Puritans, sought to do away with bishops and revise the Prayer book; Charles fought against them. The main cause was over religion in which the puritans accus ed Charles and Laud of leaning towards Roman Catholicism. Effects are the protestant church established and religious toleration. E. Glorious Revolution 1. Social- The Glorious Revolution changed England socially because Mary and William allow the people to have a say in politics and religious tolerationRead MoreThe Rise of the Sovereignty of the People Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesby the end of the seventeenth century through the Treaty of Westphalia, Religion was not the only matter that generated conflict among Europeans. The intellectual atmosphere generated by the Age of Enlightenment generated conflict with the Roman Catholic Church as well as with the Monarchial authorities because many European and Euro-American thinkers made use of reason to study the natural world as well as human behavior, doubting the fairness of their religious, economic, social, and political systems

Phases Of Interrogation At The Most Comfortable - 1518 Words

Phases of interrogation The first phase of the interrogation is to establish the norm. This is done to determine the general behavior of the subject, as the goal is to establish the characteristics of the subject at the most comfortable. As a result, the interviewer can then interpret the subject’s behavior and communication as the interrogation goes on. The second phase is to build credibility. The interviewer describes his or her job and experiences, giving examples of situations that are commonly encountered, and judges the subject’s reactions along the way. The interviewer’s goal in building credibility is to convince the subject that he or she is caught of committing a crime without stating any accusations or revealing evidence. The third phase is to create an opportunity for the subject to save face and transfer blame. The interviewer guides the subject into telling the truth. The goal is to make the subject feel better about admitting the truth by finding a socially acceptable reason for being honest. The subject will feel better about telling the truth if he or she feels that admitting what happened is better than being caught lying, and if the reason for the crime was for non-malicious reasons. The fourth phase is to establish a sense of urgency. In this phase, the interviewer explains to the subject that he or she has a limited amount of time to tell the company his or her side of the story. The interviewer explains that the company may make a decisionShow MoreRelatedWhen Someone Thinks Of Interrogation Techniques Their Mind1278 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone thinks of interrogation techniques their mind gravitates towards the clichà © good cop bad cop routine. It is a classic calling card in stories and films alike where one cop intimidates the suspect and another is sympathetic towards them. However, real life interrogations are of course more complicated than they are portrayed in film. This paper will seek to learn more about the fundamental techniques that detectives utilize in the real world to incriminate suspects. The interrogation process is oneRead MoreThe Client Novel Analysis848 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship as everyone expected. In spite of their age gap and differences in level of interests and views, they had maintained to get close as friends and stay comfortable in each others company. The story also showed the affectionate side of Mark as a brother when he felt guilty as his brother, Ricky, went through a traumatic phase about the suicide. This grossly affected his decisions whether he will continue or not. The character of Roy Foltrigg made also an outstanding role in the novelRead MoreAnalysis of Movie a Beautiful Mind Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagessame theme, but this Schizophrenia has no symptoms like: speech or movement disorganization. (Understanding Abnormal Behavior, p. 429-431) Schizophrenia also has three phases, which we can see in the movie. First phase is Prodromal phase, which is the onset of the symptoms, but symptoms aren’t prominent. Second phase is Active phase, which shows development of full schizophrenic symptoms that start appearing after some stressor or demand. For example, in the movie when John Nash had met a demand ofRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory3317 Words   |  13 Pagesanother indirectly, active strategies include asking a third party about the person, and interactive strategies communicate directly with the other person in an information-seeking manner (University of Twenty, 2010). When looking into message plans, most social interaction is goal-driven, in that there are always reasons behind what is being said, whether the other person understands that message or not (Griffin, 2008, p.29). â€Å"Message plans are mental representations of action sequences that may beRead MoreGalileo Galilei, Astronomer/Mathematician51 05 Words   |  21 Pagesthat Venus exhibited a full set of phases like the Moon. The heliocentric model of the solar system developed by Copernicus predicted that all phases would be visible since the orbit of Venus around the Sun would cause its illuminated hemisphere to face the Earth when it was on the opposite side of the Sun and to face away from the Earth when it was on the Earth-side of the Sun. By contrast, the geocentric model of Ptolemy predicted that only crescent and new phases would be seen, since Venus was thoughtRead MoreMedieval Period – Feudal System and Architecture3601 Words   |  15 Pagesderived from various cultures. The interaction between the feudal system and the architecture of the medieval times influenced the evolution of the later designs. The early architecture of England starts off with the Carolingian family, who dominated most of Western Europe politics. They tried to emulate the Roman architecture and also borrowed the architectural style of Early Christian and Byzantine architecture. The Carolingians took from those styles what they liked and created a very unique styleRead MoreHuman Intelligence Operations Within Pakistan Against The Terrorist Group Lashkar E Tabia10095 Words   |  41 Pagestwelve coordinated attacks across Mumbai, India the best known being the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel which was set on fire (para 6-7). Conditions, effects and responses of each of the PMESII-PT factors will help to shape the role that HUMINT will be most effective. HUMINT specific responses will help to alter any negative effects caused by the conditions in Pakistan or by Lashkar-e-Taiba. Not all of these responses will create a perfect environment for HUMINT operations however they will offer theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagesboarding house or a basement, an interrogation room, a prison room etc. Pinter is also able to maintain an element of realism or accuracy in the portrayal of the suffering of the tortured victims. But when it comes to portraying the objective facts, which is the doctrine of realism, Pinter disappoints us because he neither gives us accurate information of the character’s past or identity nor the causes of the characters’ motivations and actions. This triggers an interrogation as to what prompts Pinter toRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pageswith the study of meaning. The differences between the two are that semantics studies the literal meaning of the word, phrases, sentences, whereas pragmatics deals with contextual meaning. Pragmatics, which studies language in use, can be one of the most effective tools to study literature. There is a sustainable relationship between literature and pragmatics, as the former is context bound and the latter studies the language in context. Thus for the overall enjoyment of a literary text, it is essentialRead MoreCareer Retention Specialist37340 Words   |  150 PagesMarine’s retention request, creating and submitting retention requests, extensions, and contracts. †¢ Your Personal Characteristics YOU ARE PROPERLY MOTIVATED. You have made a positive decision to get training on your own. Self-motivation is perhaps the most important force in learning or achieving anything. Doing whatever is necessary to learn is motivation. You have it! YOU SEEK TO IMPROVE YOURSELF. You are enrolled to improve those skills you already possess, and to learn new skills. When you improve

Management of Dental Procedures and Oral Health Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Management of Dental Procedures and Oral Health Diseases. Answer: Dental caries are majorly caused by Streptococcus mutans which produce an acid that results in the irremediable solubilisation of minerals of the teeth. Lactobacilli can aggravate the lesion progression. Periodontal diseases are mixed and are mostly caused by anaerobes like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Trepanoma denticola, again, juvenile periodontitis is caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Gingivitis is caused by poor oral hygiene that causes adherence of bacteria to the teeth in a colony called plaque. It precedes periodontal disease (de Silva et al., 2016). Caries are caused by acid-producing bacteria from sugars and other foods. Demineralisation of the teeth surface may occur. If the damage is insignificant, salivary protective abilities can halt the process and remineralisation may begin. Proper oral hygiene reduces its progression. If not managed, the enamel and the entire tooth will be lost, and infections like tooth abscess and periodontitis set in. Periodontal disease is caused by anaerobic bacteria due to the progression of other diseases like gingivitis and caries. Treatment of these infections prevents the onset of periodontitis, however, if untreated, it leads to mucogingival problems, furcation lesions, and loss of teeth as well as the bone. It may lead to systemic bacterial infections (Kapellas et al., 2014). Due to poor oral hygiene, pellicle forms on tooth thus providing a surface for bacterial attachment. This process is called association. In a few hours, bacteria bind to the surface, a process called adhesion. Then the bacteria proliferates throughout the oral cavity. They form microcolonies where the Streptococci create slime layer, a protective film. Having metabolic benefits, the microcolonies form groups (complex). Finally, the film matures by setting up a circulatory system that is primitive. Around 90% of the plaques weight is water and dry weight of around 70% consists of bacteria and then 30% is glycoproteins and polysaccharides (The causation of gingivitis. 2015). Redness, swelling, and pain in the gums, tongue, and the teeth. The oral cavity may also be hyperthermic, which can be confirmed by an oral thermometer. There is function loss, where there is difficulty in chewing, swallowing and even ingestion of food and fluids. Family backgrounds like a minority and low-income families have problems like shortage of dental workforce, poor community water fluoridation, and inadequate access to dental insurance and high costs of care. Wealthy family backgrounds have minor dental and general health problems. Cultural influences are related to health seeking behaviours and prevention of disease, practice of oral hygiene, utilisation of folk therapies and beliefs about oral hygiene and the teeth. For example, the appearance of teeth in China proves good health even if there are bleeding, painful chewing, and other symptoms. In some African American families, use of cotton balls soaked in aspirin is the remedy instead of seeking hospital care. In environments like cold areas and war zones, people do not often adhere to oral hygiene guidelines and general health practice. Habits like alcoholism and cigarette smoking aggravate health problems. Diets such as sugars, carbonated, and uncarbonated acidic drinks also affect oral and general health. Utilising sugary foods like biscuits, soft drinks, and candy more than four times in a day predisposes one to dental diseases, even if oral hygiene is upheld. Furthermore, the soft drinks have sugars and acids that possess cariogenic and acidogenic potentials that lead to caries and other diseases. Too many sugars also cause diabetes mellitus, lowered immunity among other health concerns (Silva, Hopcraft, and Morgan, 2014). Oral health messages can be delivered through various methods like the use of mass media, face-to-face advice and education, legislation, social media, action research, community development, sharing skills and training, lobbying and others. Giving information through the television, radio, magazines, and the newspapers covers a wide geographic area. Many people also use social media such as Facebook and Twitter, therefore, posting the health messages on these platforms ensures broad coverage and adherence. Research can be done and communicated to organisations like WHO and World Food Program (WFP) who then spread the news to masses and governments. Face-to-face communication in clinical areas and public places helps propagate the oral health message. Sharing skills and training among different parties like in continuous medical education (CMEs) help advance health workers proficiency in managing oral conditions. Toothbrushes are the most commonly used and recommended aids. They need to have a seal of approval and electric and ultrasonic abilities because they break down bacteria and plaque so well. Using the appropriate toothpaste, place the brush at 45 degrees angle towards the gums and teeth to ensure all food remains are removed. Brush in a circular motion from up downwards along the line of gums (Wynne, 2011). Do not apply excessive pressure, be gentle enough by gauging how your teeth respond. Cover all parts of the mouth, including tongue and soft tissues. Rinse well using dentist prescribed mouthwash or clean water (Balabaskaran, 2013). Disclosing tablets help in removal of plaque. After obtaining the recommended tablet, chew and mix it with your saliva. Afterward, swish the saliva in your mouth covering all locations for around 30 to 40 seconds and spit it out. Mouthwashes also help in removing plaque and lethal bacteria. Pour the required amount based on the manufacturers guidelines into to the mouth. Vigorously swish and rinse in the mouth for around 30 seconds to one minute and then spit it out. Then gargle using a new solution in your mouth. Interdental aids like knitting yam, toothpick, gauze strip, dental tape, and floss help remove substances in between teeth. As directed by the manufacturer, gently place the aid between the teeth and in a soft back and forth motion, remove the substances as you spit and clean the support. Do this for around a minute between all the teeth and rinse the mouth with fresh water or mouthwash. (Wynne, 2012) Delivery of fluoride can be achieved topically or systemically. Systemic delivery is made through the artificial introduction in milk, water, supplements or salt. Fluoride is introduced at the water treatment plant, for consumption in households. Fluoridating table salt has also been used in Costa Rica and parts of Europe, and it is spreading to other areas of the world. This method has reduced caries in children by 50% in Costa Rica. Also, powdered, long-life and liquid milk has been fluoridated in China, Eastern Europe, South America and other parts of the world. It is easy to target a given population like children and to control fluoride amounts. Fluoride supplements are only recommended for high-risk children. This method is effective as well (Optimised fluoride delivery, 2013). Topical delivery of fluoride can be professionally-applied or self-applied. The professionally applied include aqueous solution and gel, prophylactic pastes, foam among others. They are mostly high fluoridated products that may range from 5,000 to 18,000 ppm. For instance, the gels adhesiveness to teeth prevents continuous wetting of the surface of the enamel needed when solutions are utilised. On the other hand, self-applied products include mouth rinses and fluoride dentifrices. They have low concentrations of fluoride ranging from 200 to 1000ppm. Advantages. Delivering fluoride improves dental and general oral health. The American Dental Association (ADA) reports that fluoridation lowers, reverses and prevents teeth decay by 20-40 %. It is because fluoride strengthens the enamel. Furthermore, delivering fluoride reduces expenses due to dental problems. According to Virginia Community Colleges, a dollar spent on fluoridation helps reduce dental expenses of $50 per individual. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified that 50-54% of costs are reduced in Scotland among children due to fluoridation (Optimised fluoride delivery, 2013). Disadvantages There is increased potential for fluorosis. It is characterised by mottling and staining that is brown on teeth surface. It is irreversible without cosmetics. An aim of keeping fluoride levels below 1ppm by all municipalities is vital. It can lead to skeletal fluorosis as well. It can cause stiffening, pain, and calcification that severely affects mobility which is common in India, Asia, and the Middle East. Hyperthyroidism may be exacerbated if fluoridation is excessive especially in table salt. This finding is because of fluoride limits activity of the thyroid hormones (Neil, 2012). For children below six months, fluoride therapy is not recommended. For those between six months and three years, 0.25mg, which is below 0.3ppm F is recommended. Between 3 and 6 years, they can get 0.5mg of Helps in examination, healing, sterilisation and anaesthesia. Curation, removal of debris and infected areas. ermanent teeth; stage I-obtain the tooth outline, retention and resistance form. Stage II-Carious dentin removal, protection of pulp, getting secondary retention and resistance form. Then finish the walls of the margins and enamel. Deciduous teeth- Give anaesthesia, do isolation of Rubber Dam, excavation of remaining caries, induration, and placement of amalgam, do the condensation, confirmation of any occlusion, do polishing and finishing. Mouth rinsing-The limited area rinses are meant to remove debris, and the complete rinsing is done after completion of the procedure. Saliva ejectors- It is meant for removal of small amounts of water and saliva. High volume oral evacuation- It utilises the vacuum principle to increase pressure and ensure that the water and saliva are removed (Oral health surveys, 2013). Cotton rolls- They are meant to absorb the saliva and water where they are placed in between the gums and the cheeks. Dental Dam- It is a barrier that is placed between the teeth and it is made of latex. Moisture control helps exclude sulcular fluid, saliva, and blood from the site of operation. Prevention of debris inspiration by the patient. Protects the surgeon from getting in contact with the oral fluids. Ensures a clearly visible site of operation. Prevention of bacterial localisation at the site. Protective materials- Some of the advantages include restoration of the tooth function, it is for cosmetics, and promotion of mastication. Some of the disadvantages are a predisposition to cancer, discomfort and having a metallic feeling. Lining materials- Some advantages include protection from irritants like chemicals, and some foods, and promotion of good looks. Disadvantages include the reduced strength to protect the teeth; prolonged use is uncomfortable, predisposition to cancer among others. Etchants- They help expose the porous layer of the teeth for attachment of restoratives, they are efficient and cheap, and they are readily available. Some of the disadvantages are corrosion of the teeth if used for long, and they promote thinning of the enamel thus susceptibility to infections (Melo, 2014). Bonding agents- They help the filling materials to adhere to dentin and enamel, the shaping of the teeth to feel and look attractive, it is easy and accessible. Disadvantages include being expensive, and mixed types corrode the teeth (Restorative methods and materials, 2013). Curing lights- Advantages include promotion of curing light resin, and very effective. Disadvantages include a danger to the mucosa of the mouth, predisposition to cancer if used for long. Amalgam- Advantages include being a strong filling, cheap, and saving time as it can be finished in just one visit. Some of the disadvantages are tarnishing over time, does not bond with the teeth, it involves a tedious process of cavity preparation and the inability to match with the colour of the teeth. Open the windows for ventilation, put on the protective gear (PPE), use a scoop in collecting the mercury or syringes for the smaller spillages, open the container with calcium hydroxide and sulphur and tip out the area of spillage then close. Additionally, mix the powders with the mercury and finally put the mixture in a container of wastes for collection by relevant organisations (Khwaja and Abbasi, 2014). Matrix systems are placed between the teeth that are being restored and the adjacent ones in creating a surface the material of restoration, and hence it increases the coverage of the damaged section of the tooth. The intrapupal, blocks and infiltration methods include complete controlled local anaesthetic delivery where a computer controls the fluid flow rate through the needle. Jet injectors use the mechanical energy principle where the small orifices in the bone and teeth are accessed. The intraosseous anaesthesia devices inject through the cancellous bone, and they include Stabident and X-tip. Safety dental syringes like ultrasafe are designed to lower prick risks. Vibraject is a high-frequency vibration machine that delivers anaesthetic fluid. The topical paste can be applied to an open oral site or wound. Implants- They are posts surgically placed in jaws to anchor the replacements. They are usually made from titanium. They are stable and secure and inadvisable for patients with diabetes and leukaemia because there is slowed healing. Also, they last long. Bridges- They are restorations that involve filling a toothless space. They are made from metal, glass ceramics or their combinations. They function, feel and look like real teeth. Again, they are cheap. However, they may affect the next real tooth. Dentures- They are meant for partial use. Also, they have a plastic base whose colour matches with that of the users gums and can be removed for cleaning purposes. Some disadvantages include poor stability, breakage, and discomfort. Tissue conditioners- They are meant to realign dentures after a prolonged use thus helping in final fitting. Reduces infections after prosthetic surgery and also smoothening of the surgical procedure. Again, eliminates the dangers that may arise from poor aseptic techniques (Agrawal, 2015). They are dental restorations that can be removed when not in use. Examples are the partial dentures. They promote patients comfort, cleaning, and flexibility if needed to change. Impressions; Involves the need and preliminary stages that include the requirements and other materials that may be irritable to the client. Bites; the patient bites a soft material to create the outline of his/her jaws so that a fitting and exact replacement is made. Try-in; after the bite, the substance is made and after completion, the client tests it, if it does not fit, adjustments are made again. Fit; finally, the exact one is made, and the client tests it. Then they are taught the basics of use and storage. Temporary crowns are used when one is waiting for the permanent ones. Both the permanent and temporary crowns help in preventing compaction of food between teeth, maintenance of the architecture of the gingiva and in aesthetics. Bridges are used to replace the teeth that are missing thus promoting mastication and finally veneers are used for covering the front of teeth to improve appearance. They change the length, colour, size and shape of teeth. Permanent and temporary crowns; using the right equipment and environment, do a pre-prosthetic treatment. Then use local anaesthesia to numb the tooth, do thinning and then make a copy of the tooth by taking the impression. Finally, you are good to place the temporary or permanent crown (Nhs.uk, 2016). Bridges; alleviate anxiety by explaining the procedure to the patient. Then do the pre-prosthetic treatment, application of local anaesthetic and then reshape the tooth. Veneers; prepare the patient for the procedure, determine the position of the edge and then do the incisor chamfer. Then do butt-joint readying and lingual wrap. Afterward, cementing the veneer can be done (Al-Quran, Al-Ghalayini, and Al-Zu'bi, 2011). Relines; intraoral camera, dental laser, chair-side camera, compressors, ultrasafe syringe or jet injectors, curing light, endodontic motors, NSK Dental handpiece, handpiece oiler, ultrasonic scalar, apex locators, CCLAD among others (Harnacke et al., 2012). Additions; gold, amalgam, porcelain, titanium, silicon, ceramic, and other safe metals. Disinfection; chair-side disinfection as soon as they are removed is advocated. Again, disinfectants that are tuberculocidal and having both lipophilic and hydrophilic viral elimination should be used. Rinsing with tap and running water should be done before main disinfection. Spray disinfection to be avoided because of increased aerosolisation. Contact period with the impression should be equal or above the tuberculocidal activities. Storage; wrap in the damp paper towel then place in a humidor. This storage is done before pouring in stone or plaster. During the first hour, the client should hold in place the gauzes in her mouth by gently biting. Disturbance of the site should be avoided, for example, do not eat hard foodstuffs like maize or sugarcane. Cigarette smoking is discouraged. Maintain oral hygiene by brushing and being gentle at the site. Bigger activities on the first day should be bed rest and limited heavy exercises. Again, if there are any emergency issues, then the client should report to the dental surgeon. Medications like painkillers should be taken. Classified based on Robert angles proposal: Class I: NeutrocclusionThe occlusion of the molar is standard. However, the other teeth have crowding, spacing, under or over eruption among others. Class II; Distocclusion; where upper first molar mesiobuccal cusp is not in alignment with the lower first molar mesiobuccal groove. Subdivided into class II division 1 where the relations of the molars are same as class II, and there is protrusion of anterior teeth. Class II Division 2 is where the relations of molars are same as class II, but there is retroclination of the central ones. Also, the central are overlapped by the lateral. Class III; Messiocclusion; where molars of the upper jaw are placed posterior to mesiobuccal groove. Consultation; where your individual orthodontic needs are discussed. Cephalometric X-ray is done where the relationship between the jaw and the teeth alignment is determined. Panoramic X-ray is then done to give finer relationships for an exact diagnosis. Orthodontic photos are then taken for reference. Impressions are then taken for making teeth copies. Banding is done to hold the attachments to a tooth. Then bonding where brackets are placed using an adhesive. Orthodontic adjustments are made for assessing progress and finally debanding where the braces are removed (Orthodontic appliances, 2014). Removal devices; Adams Crisps or Clasps help in retention. Acrylic baseplate for supporting wire constituents and contacts the vault of the palate for anchorage. Springs help divert teeth in a given direction. Screws aid in the labial movement of teeth and expand the arch. Labial bow for retention on the labial surface. Fixed appliances; archwire helps move teeth in required direction. Ligature holds archwire to both brackets. Brackets joined to bands to hold archwire position. The metal band wraps on the tooth and finally rubber bands which help move teeth to their ultimate position (Orthodontic appliances, 2014). Meant to correct the malocclusion. They are also supposed to prevent further damage to the oral cavity due to an orthodontic procedure. They help in performing muscle exercises especially the masseters. For modification of the patients biting. For the guidance of growth in issues of deformities in the skeleton (Permanent effects of deciduous malocclusion, 2016). Pre-operative instructions; the patient has to know the intention and requirements of the procedure. Food restrictions for general anaesthesia. Do not remove the appliance immediately after the procedure. The patient to do the pre-procedure oral cleaning to prevent infections. Postoperative instructions; In the case of complications like an arch ache, report directly to the hospital. Do routine oral hygiene after removal of the appliance. Avoid straining the jaws with hard foods like nuts (Oshima and Tsuji, 2014). It saves time and resources like medications needed for surgery. Again, evasion of complications of surgery like oral infections is ensured. Also, the operation could destroy the pulp as it is microscopic. It is recommended because the oral canal has mixed strains of bacteria and could easily cause infections if wounds are present (Coulthard, 2013). Pulpotomy; where a section of the pulp is removed especially when infected so that a healthy portion remains for vitality. Pulpectomy; It is the complete removal of the pulp from the root and the crown. Afterward, cleansing and medication of the canals are done. Pulp capping; Here, the exposed pulp is covered to eliminate micro-organic localisation thus preventing infections. It can be direct or indirectly done. Rubber dam; prevents contamination of operation field. K-type file; for manipulation of the site. Reamer; for cutting the dentin. Burs; for cutting the cavity to help access the pulp. Barbed broach; meant to remove root canal contents. Chlorhexidine solution for disinfection. Gutta percha for obturating the prepared canal. Sealer/cement for obturation of root canal that is ready. There is a risk of aspiration of the saliva and water that may contain procedure contents like cement. There could be the destruction of the entire tooth due to accidental movements by the client. There is a pain due to cleaning and debridement. Undetected root cracks can cause future complications. Defective materials like the seals can erode and cause further infections like abscesses. Pharmacologic treatment; where medications like analgesics are given either orally or the parenteral route. Non-pharmacologic therapy such as relaxation and use of ice to ease the pain is also helpful. In the case of complications, surgical endodontic treatment may be adopted (Lababidi, 2013). A crowded mouth can be a reason for extraction. Meant for proper alignment and dentition. Infections like decay can be severe needing removal. In the case of periodontal disease, an extraction is warranted to prevent further damage. Again, serious injuries due to trauma and other causes can be detrimental hence needing removal. Incorrect mouth position and orthodontic corrections also need minor surgeries like extraction (Banjar and Mealey, 2013). Unerupted teeth may obscure the development of permanent teeth and hence the removal of their roots. They may cause a repetition of inflammatory processes. In preparation for a prosthesis, they are also removed if they have promoted cyst formation in the cancellous bone. Again, they may pose a risk of mouth deformation. It is meant to improve the accessibility of the site of operation as opposed to the closed method where a limited surface is exposed. Again, raising the mucoperiosteal flaps does not pose a significant risk because it has its circulation. Equipment/ Instruments; regional anaesthetic syringes are used to administer anaesthetic fluid to the site. Elevators expose the site of operation. Extraction forceps help grasp a tooth and twist it for removal. Scalpel is used to cut through gums and cartilages to expose a tooth. Periosteal elevator exposes underlining site. Cheek retractor helps adjust the cheek position exposing the gums and teeth. Suture holders help move the stitches through flesh and bone promoting closure of open wounds. Burs help in cavity cutting. Surgical suction tip removes excess saliva during operation. Materials; topical anaesthetic is applied on the site to numb a tooth. A local anaesthetic is injected into the site to eliminate pain during the procedure. Irrigation syringes help use fluid at sight for a better view. Sutures assist in the closure of the wound. Gauze pack absorbs excess fluid and prevents aspiration. Haemostatic medicaments prevent excessive bleeding (Dimova, 2013). References Agrawal, K. (2015). CAD-CAM System: A Road for Pragmatic Maxillofacial Prosthesis.Dentistry, 05(05). Al-Quran, F., Al-Ghalayini, R. and Al-Zu'bi, B. (2011). Single-tooth replacement: factors are affecting different prosthetic treatment modalities.BMC Oral Health, 11(1). Balabaskaran, K. (2013). Assessment of Knowledge of Oral Hygiene Aids among Dentists.IOSR-JDMS, 10(5), pp.60-64. Banjar, A. and Mealey, B. (2013). A Clinical Investigation of Demineralized Bone Matrix Putty for Treatment of Periodontal Bony Defects in Humans.International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 33(5), pp.567-573. Coulthard, P. (2013). Minor oral surgery outcomes. Oral Surgery, 6(4), pp.167-167. De Silva, A., Martin-Kerry, J., McKee, K. and Cole, D. (2016). Caries and periodontal disease in Indigenous adults in Australia: a case of limited and non-contemporary data.Aust. Health Review. Dimova, C. (2013). Socket Preservation Procedure after Tooth Extraction.KEM, 587, pp.325-330. Harnacke, D., Mitter, S., Lehner, M., Munzert, J., and Deinzer, R. (2012). Improving Oral Hygiene Skills by Computer-Based Training: A Randomized Controlled Comparison of the Modified Bass and the Fones Techniques.PLoS ONE, 7(5), p.e37072. Kapellas, K., Skilton, M., Maple-Brown, L., Do, L., Bartold, P., O'Dea, K., Brown, A., Celermajer, D., and Jamieson, L. (2014). Periodontal disease and dental caries among Indigenous Australians living in the Northern Territory, Australia.Aust Dent J, 59(1), pp.93-99. Khwaja, M., and Abbasi, M. (2014). Mercury poisoning dentistry: high-level indoor air mercury contamination at selected dental sites.Reviews on Environmental Health, 29(1-2). Lababidi, E. (2013). Discuss the impact technological advances in equipment and materials have made on the delivery and outcome of endodontic treatment.Aust Endod J, 39(3), pp.92-97. Nhs.uk. (2016). Local anaesthesia - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Anaesthetic-local/Pages/Introduction.aspx [Accessed 2 Sep. 2016]. Melo, M. (2014). Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy as a Strategy for Dental Caries: Building a More Conservative Therapy in Restorative Dentistry.Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 32(11), pp.589-591. Neil, A. (2012). Water fluoridation in Victoria, Australia: The Value of National Research. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 40, pp.71-74. Optimised fluoride delivery. (2013).Vital, 10(4), pp.47-47. Oral health surveys. (2013). Geneva: World Health Organization. Orthodontic appliances. (2014).Dental Abstracts, 59(5), pp.e123-e125. Oshima, M. and Tsuji, T. (2014). Functional tooth regenerative therapy: tooth tissue regeneration and whole-tooth replacement.Odontology, 102(2), pp.123-136. Permanent effects of deciduous malocclusion. (2016).Dental Abstracts, 61(2), pp.98-99. Restorative methods and materials. (2013).Dental Abstracts, 58(2), pp.97-99. Silva, M., Hopcraft, M. and Morgan, M. (2014). Dental caries in Victorian nursing homes.Aust Dent J, 59(3), pp.321-328. The causation of gingivitis. (2015).The Lancet, 185(4787), pp.1144-1145. Wynne, L. (2011). An update on oral hygiene products and techniques.Dental Nursing, 7(5), pp.264-267. Wynne, L. (2012). Interdental oral hygiene aids and their application.Dental Nursing, 8(3), pp.147-149.

One Hell of an English Class free essay sample

They say that there are five people you meet in heaven. I never heard anyone say anything about hell. Why then, would anyone ask you to write about the three people you would meet if you decided to take a vacation to hell? I mean, of course, you would visit hell for the resorts and the easy access to molten lava, but I’m sure that the people you would meet there would not necessarily be the nicest or the happiest people. After thinking about it for awhile, it all makes sense. The reason they are in hell is not because they were terrible people or because they had a black heart, but rather because they knew they had made mistakes in their life; discovered hidden misfortunes in the shadow of good, and they needed to convey those findings to someone who still had time to change. This was what my English teacher wanted me to write about. Was she crazy? I have no idea, but sitting in English class, thinking about this made my head hurt, so I just decided to folds my hands, flop my head down, and close my eyes. The next thing I knew everything started heating up and spinning. Before I could think, I opened my eyes. What the hell? No pun intended, I was seriously in the underworld. Yet all I could manage to think was, â€Å"so much for relaxing.† Just goes to show you the lack of sleep you get in one week as a freshman, but that’s beside the point. Looking around everything seemed dark, moist, hot, and hazy. One too many adjectives for hell I thought. One thing I noticed was that it was not the way Homer describes it in The Odyssey at all. All this thinking made my head hurt even more; so I decided to just take a plop on the bottom of this vast, empty†¦. emptiness. Before I could count to three or even make a 360 degree inspection of my surroundings; everything began spinning, again, and this time I ended up in an antique house, dating back to what seemed to be about the early 1900’s. I turned around to get a full inspection of the house, and was shocked by a raspy little voice that appeared to be coming from nowhere. I twisted around in astonishment searching near and far to find the voice; it wasn’t until I looked down that I actually saw the stout man with the wrinkly eyes. He had on a very distracting bright red tie hanging flat on top of a plaid shirt, which was tucked into long beige pants held up wit h a thin black belt. Where his pants met his feet, I noticed his strikingly shiny penny loafers and couldn’t help but giggle and attempted to look back at his face to straighten myself out. It was then I noticed the man had a small transparent patch of white hair on his head that matched the wiry beard around his mouth, and a pair of spectacles that sat loosely on the edge of his nose. I recognized those glasses. I recognized everything about this man. He was my great-grandfather who died when I was 8. The funny thing is, I wasn’t surprised to see him in hell. No one truly found him to be a great person aside from my great-grandma Mary. My only question had to be, â€Å"Why are you one of the people I see?† â€Å"Watch that mouth of yours, Elizabeth. You can’t even say ‘hi’ to an old relative before questioning his whereabouts?† the raspy voice sounded as familiar and harsh as it always had been. â€Å"I’m sorry, Papa, Howâ₠¬â„¢s hell?† â€Å"It has its perks; I can’t lie. But it wasn’t exactly my first choice of places to go after I die.† â€Å"Can you tell me why I’m seeing you now?† I was trying to speed things along. â€Å"Pushy pushy, just like your Grand-pa. How about you tell me what you value most in life?† His question confused me, and I could only think to respond the way I imagined anyone would, â€Å"My family, I suppose†. â€Å"I valued your great-grandmother the most. She was everything to me.† â€Å"What does this have to do with anything?† I was impatient, what can I say. â€Å"Hold your horses! I’m getting there†¦ I would have done anything for Mary. You know that; everyone knew that. Yet I spent my time being a grump over the things that I couldn’t do for her, and be the person I thought she truly wanted. I didn’t have much money; I felt like I wasn’t a good husband or father at points. I did everything I could to make her happy; unfortunately, I was making myself unhappy along the way. I was a grouch to everyone I met and everyone I knew. I treated barely anyone with the kindness they deserve, and I cheated my way through things. It turns you into a bitter person, Elizabeth. A bitter person you don’t want to be. Your great-grandmother only wanted me to happy because that’s who she loved. She loved being with me because it made her happy. She didn’t care about the materials that came with loving me; all she cared about was me. I was too blind to see any of this, and now I am in hell while the love of my eternal life is sitting in the clouds. You need to not care about those materialistic things Elizabeth. You have to be happy and be yourself no matter what you think might be up to par for other people because yourself is all you can be.† This harsh voice seemed wise and disappointed in itself for the first time since I had ever h eard it. â€Å"Thank you, Papa I will do absolutely everything I can to be happy and never forget who I am or where I come from. I know you and Grandma will be together someday. I love you.† Before I finished my last farewell, the room had started spinning again. As tears filled my eyes, all I could do was make a secret promise to myself that I would keep him and his words in my heart and mind for the rest of my life This whole room spinning thing was getting on my nerves. Couldn’t Hades think of a more convenient less nauseating way of traveling from one point to another? Then again he was the ruler of the underworld and convenience was probably the second to last thing on his list, right above getting chocolates for the pillows. As I craned my head every which way to try and see where I was, it just so happened that I appeared to be in a space ship. Oddly enough I had never met aliens in my life up to that point so this situation was a bit unexpected. Looking out the rather large window I saw the solar system. All of it, every star every planet, every minute little detail was visible. As I began marveling at this spectacle, I felt a hand on my shoulder. My head shot to the left, only to see a quivering limb. Once again I shot looks in every direction searching for the culprit who had frightened my arm, and once again it wasn’t until I looked down that I saw it. A small white mouse scuttled across the floor to stand on its hind legs in front of me. â€Å"HEY LADY! GET OUT OF MY WAY! THIS THING CAN’T DRIVE ITSELF!† it shouted in a high pitched voice filled with infuriation. Now to be quite honest a talking mouse was the last person I expected to see in hell. Then it all connected itself. I was in The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. My only question was, â€Å"Why?† Of course the mouse didn’t do a very good job of explaining that, and it wasn’t until I heard a strong, clear, and intelligent voice coming from behind me that I realized what was going on. â€Å"You must be Elizabeth Sockol,† the strong, clear, and intelligent voice said. â€Å"You must be Douglass Adams.† Duh. â€Å"Pleasure to meet you, sir.† I extended a hand shake. â€Å"Pleasure to meet you as well. I see you’ve met Rupert.† He says this as he waved his hand toward the small plump mouse. â€Å"Ah, yes. He seems to be†¦ quite a character.† â€Å"As are most of the subjects in my books.† â€Å"Would you by any chance know why you are one of the people I’m seeing at the moment? No need to be rude, I’m just a bit confused.† â€Å"Of course! Well to put it rather simply†¦ the answer to life was not 42.† Was he serious? â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Yes, actually, I am.† â€Å"Well, that’s a lot easier than the last explanation,† I said with a sigh of relief. â€Å"I wish I could say that was it, but God wouldn’t be too happy with me if he knew I left out the important part. I’m in Hades for many reasons, a few which are of no concern to you, but one of which is to advise you. The answer to life, the universe, and everything was, and is not 42. I learned this the hard way. That is only half of it though. I also learned the hard way that you cannot predict the future or life itself for that matter. Life is too precious a thing to take for granted or to try to think too far ahead. You have to take life with a steadiness that allows you to have fun and do the things you want without being distracted by the small details that could throw you in the wrong direction. Don’t try to solve every problem, that’ll lead you nowhere expect for a room filled with nothing but solutions. And everyone knows that knowing the answer to everything leaves no room for surprises and fun. Apart of being happy and enjoying life to the fullest, is being able to face the surprises and situations that get thrown at you, and taking them with stride. I hope you take this advice with you and understand that there is more to life then there appears to be, just try not to figure it out all at once. And don’t build any machines that are supposed to know the answer to everything. That gets you right where Rupert is.† â€Å"You have no idea how much this means to me. Thank you for everything, Mr. Adams.† And just as before, as the last word spilt from my mouth, the room melted around me and faded in a spinning blur of nothingness. This was officially my least favorite part of Hades. At last, regaining my balance and gathering up my scattered thoughts, I found myself in a palace. Surrounded my intricate designs every which way, I was astonished. This definitely tops the spaceship. My thoughts wandered away again as I observed the gold encrusted doorknobs and the delicately weaved tapestries. Every painting, statue, floorboard, and even tabletop seems to be unsoiled with any form of dust or dirt. This was a new experience to the fullest. As I reached my hand out to admire one of the pieces of artwork, my thoughts clattered into one jumble again as a stern voice echoed throughout the vast room, â€Å"TAKE YOUR HAND AWAY FROM THAT PAINTING YOUNG LADY!† Why was everyone calling me a young lady these days? I spun around to see a tall slender woman with short blonde hair. Everything about her seemed to be perfect. As if every strand of hair had been placed in a specific way, her fingers and toes must’ve required a team of experts, her makeup was done so that not one smudge or line was visible and everything looked natural, and even her skin looked absolutely as smooth as a baby’s butt from near 20 feet away. I knew that face anywhere though. Pr incess Diana. She died the night that my dad and mother met. â€Å"I†¦I†¦.I†¦ I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to be obtrusive†¦ just the artwork†¦ I only meant to admire it.† I stumbled at my attempt to speak. â€Å"It’s all right. At least you have good taste. That is one of my favorite pieces. So I can only understand. Do you know who I am?† Jesus, she even spoke like a princess. â€Å"Of course, Princess Diana.† I almost regretted it after I had said it. â€Å"Haha, of course! Of course! That’s what they all say.† Her tone was befuddling. â€Å"I’m confused†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said in that absent minded tone of mine. â€Å"The reason you are seeing me is because I know who you are. I know your dreams are to be that person who everyone looks up to and sees as a role model and an inspiration. I have been there Elizabeth, and I know of the blunders that are waiting right around the corner in that kind of world. Fame is not all it’s made out to be. You believe that you must be so many people and personalities at once to try and make everyone like you, but that can never happen. You can only be yourself, and hope that people accept you for who you are. You have a great amount of potential, and you can go anywhere you wish in your life, but you must never forget where you came from or where your morals lie. You are the most important person to yourself. Fame can get to your head and can turn you into someone you never intended to be in the beginning. Do your best and be yourself and that’s all anyone can ask for. Don’t let money or jealousy get the best of you, and especially don’t let the paparazzi get into your head. You know who you are, and no one else can tell you that. I hope you fully comprehend the message that I am sending you Elizabeth. I wish you well on your journey home.† For a moment my jaw simply hung in place unable to move no matter how hard I tried, and then finally as though it were the last words I would ever speak I said, â€Å"Thank you so incredibly much. This has been the experience of a lifetime, and I shall never forget the things you and everyone else have shared with m†¦..† â€Å"Liz, care to pick up where Alec left off?† Mrs. Collontrelle obviously knew that I was not paying attention†¦ â€Å"Umm†¦. I like this book†¦ great book†¦. Great story line†¦ mhmm†¦ can’t get enough of i t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I laughed to myself. â€Å"Pay attention please†¦ Collier, since you are fully conscious, would you mind taking up from there?† Collier’s words just faded out in my mind as I thought about everything that had just happened†¦. Or had it happened? It seemed so real†¦ Well, at least I know one thing. Even if it wasn’t real, I have something to write about now.