World War Two and the B-24 Bomber

Several line of productscraft from the World War Two era give achieved iconic status. The F4U Corsair, TBM Avenger and the B-17 and B-29 Super fortresses are all legendary in their service for the confederative ca hold. There is another such aircraft that never achieved the fame of those menti integrityd tho was particular to the Allies warfare effort n wholeness the less. The Consolidated B-24 Liberator was the land horse of the Allied fleet. Its entrance into the war came at a diminutive and vulnerable time for Allied survival in Europe. After proving its force in primal missions the B-24 would go on to be used in all theatres of the conflict.It was the most numerous, most versatile and possibly the most rough-and-ready Allied tabloid of World War Two. The Design Stage The B-24 poor boy was approach patterned as part of the strategic bombardment plans drawn up by the Allies in the 1930s. Built by Consolidated Aircraft of Ypsilanti, Michigan, the triggerman took its fi rst flight in late December of 1939. Consolidated was a subsidiary of the Ford force back Company, an icon of American business. The Ford manufactory was able to divulge more than than four hundred B-24s per month. By 1941 the plane would enter wartime service. High demand in 1942-43 prompted Consolidated to expand its payoff facilities.The San Diego plant was increased to triplet times its original size. A bare-ass plant was built in Fort Worth, Texas. The flagship plant was built in Willow Run, Michigan in 1942. At the time this plant was the largest industrial plant of any kind in the unite States. In the adjoin thousands of Americans were position to work. The vastness of the Willow Run Plant made for near interesting accommodations. At a certain point in the hookup line the planes would be mechanically turned at a right-hand(a) angle. The purpose was to avoid having the planes crossing into a neighboring county where taxes were higher.Consolidated had received the bid to produce the B-17 hit man only one year earlier in 1938. After examining the capabilities of the B-17, the Army requested a faster and higher ephemeral plane. The updated plans would result in the building of the B-24 Liberator. Designed as a strategic sonorous bomber the airplane was affectionately referred to as the Lumbering Lib by the RAF pilots who used it to patrol the Atlantic. 2 Liberator would then be incorporated formally as part of the aircrafts name. The plane almost immediately went into heavy production. A mainstay of the Army andNavy air forces, it was similarly used by the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force). The plane cost about $300,000 to build. By wars end all over 19,000 B-24s had been built 3. This exceeds the total of any other Allied aircraft. 1. Philip Makanna. 1995. Ghosts in the Skies breeze of the Second World War. (San Francisco storey Books), p. 156. 2. Philip Makanna. 1995. Ghosts in the Skies Aviation of the Sec ond World War. (San Francisco Chronicle Books), p. 157. 3. observation Gunston. 2000. archives of military machine Aviation. (London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93.Bomber design was mum in its infancy and the B-24 did have some problems. It was prone to absquatulate due to the placement of its fuel tanks. The only way to enter or exit the plane was through the bomb bay, a difficult suggest in a crisis situation. It was also somewhat cumbersome to fly. The planes designers had to make these tradeoffs in order to maximize the performance and the long hunt down capability of the aircraft. The plane was also somewhat vulnerable to enemy fire, give its relatively lightweight construction. The high elevation capability of the plane helped minimize this threat.There were a substantial add up of orders for the plane withal while it was still only a prototype. In addition to the three dozen coherent by the Army, the French and British had each ordered more than three times that number. The French order was cut short by the German invasion in 1940. The British received their order and immediately put the planes to use on critical missions. Introduction to the War Ultimately, the B-24 would serve a wide ranging role in all corners of the conflict. It would be used to furnish 45 groups all over the world 4. The initial role for the B-24 was to make do deep ocean patrols.The British were in dire need of a long regurgitate patrol aircraft, Prior to the arrival of B-24s in the Atlantic, German hoagies were wreaking havoc on Allied shipping. British reconnaissance activities had a express range. The arrival of the B-24 allowed the Royal Air Force to patrol much farther out into the ocean. As a result the U-boats were driven back into bowls where they could be more easily targeted. The ultimate result was impressive The arrival of radio detection and ranging-equipped RAF B-24s in _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Bill Gunston. 2000. History of Military Aviation.(London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93. Irelandtemporarily ended sinkings in the mid-Atlantic 5. In 1942 the British began to use the B-24 in long-range bombing missions in the Middle East. Up to this time the plane had primarily served in recon and communicate functions. American entry in to the war also led to a buildup of forces in England. Had the RAF Atlantic patrols not been effective it is likely that the buildup would have taken much longer and Britain may have been lost. The Mighty Eighth was among the early American air groups transferred to Britain 6. The eighth brought with them numerous B-17s and B-24s.As the British and American forces continue to gain their priming coat, their mission would gradually evolve from the Atlantic patrols to the long range bombing missions over Germany. In the early years of the war radar equipped B-24s proved more than a match for the German U-boat menace. The RAF was able to drive the U-boats out of the middle Atlantic, at least for a while. The Germans would make modifications to U-boat strategy to counter the effects of the B-24s, but pencil eraser passage for shipping at this critical stage would play an consequential role in stemming the German tide.The British were able to gain their footing and the Americans were able to get a foothold in Europe. By defeating u-boats, the affiliate established control of the Atlantic, Saved Britain and made possible the invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe. 7 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Charles Gross. 2002. American Military Aviation The indwelling Arm. (College Station, TX Texas A&M University Press), p. 106. 6. Bill Gunston. 2000. History of Military Aviation. (London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93. 7. Charles Gross. 2002.American Military Aviation The Indispensable Arm. (College Station, TX Texas A&M University Press), p. 207. The plane would also become a key asset in the Pa cific theater. With the B-29 still in development, U. S. forces needed a long-range bomber to cover the vast blanks of the Pacific Ocean. As redundant bombers came on-line, the B-24 proved especially amenable to modification for different purposes. In that sense It was altogether more versatile than the B-17 and B-29 8. In the Pacific, the B-24 was considered the standard heavy bomber. Range was a primeval asset of the B-24.Its ability to complete 2,000 mile missions without refueling made it possible to conduct missions far out at sea or over hostile territory. The plane could carry over 8,000 pounds of bombs. For defensive purposes, it was armed with ecstasy . 50 caliber machine guns. The B-24 had been among the early generation of long-range bombers demonstrable in between World Wars one and two. Even so, the aircraft boasted many in the buff innovations and capabilities. Its design also allowed for great flexibility of use. Some B-24s were modified for use in reconnaissanc e missions. Their high altitude capabilities added to their effectiveness in this role.The B-24s engines also had the power for the plane to be used in transport of materials and personnel. A few were used as fuel tankers. The B-24 was even used as a VIP transport plane. The Prime Minister of Britain, Winston Churchill, used one as his personal transport plane. Turbo supercharged engines were first added to the XB-24B model along with body armor and self sealing tanks. Power driven turrets and additional nose guns were added to the 24C. The development of the Norden bombsight enabled the B-24 to drop its bombs accurately from a vertical distance of up to five miles.All in all the B-24 8. Christopher Chant. 1992. The Military History of the coupled States (Vol. 9). (New York Marshall Cavendish), p. 91. Liberator was a fearsome weapon of war. The Liberator had the defensive firepower and high altitude performance to fight their way through screens of Axis fighters and then chuck up the sponge their bombs with pinpoint accuracy. 9 The B-24H produced in 1943 was an even more formidable weapon. This mutation had a power-operated gun turret in the nose of the aircraft. It also had an simple machine pilot system and a refueling system.An improved version of the Norden bombsight provided even better bomb accuracy. Analysis and Conclusion The B-24 Liberator filled a critical gap in the offensive and defensive capabilities of the Allied air forces. It was heavily relied upon throughout the war. In the early part of the war it provided a vital strike capability against the German U-boats in the Atlantic. The B-24 also proved itself in peace time. It was used tumesce into the 1950s by the Coast represent for rescue and weather recon missions. Near the end of the war and half a world away a B-24 launched the first radar guided air to ground missile in 1945.At the beginning of the war long-range bombing formation tactics were still in their infancy. Losses for the B- 17 and the B-24 were high. As the war continued, tactics improved and the B-24 in particular became more effective. The B-24 was flexible bounteous to be used in all theaters of the war. Not only was it a constant presence in Europe and the Pacific it also performed well in Africa, India and the Middle East. The Liberator ultimately made its name in the strife of the Atlantic. The Atlantic ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Christopher Chant. 1992.The Military History of the United States (Vol. 9). (New York Marshall Cavendish), p. 126. Gap was an area of the ocean where German submarines had previously operated with impunity. This threatened to cut of England from critical force and humanitarian supplies. The B-24 was the first aircraft with the range to effectively patrol the gap. For this reason it has been ascribe by some with saving Britain. It is possible that without them, attrition could have slashed Britain to the point where th ey were vulnerable to invasion. The redesigns of the B-24 were both effective and creative.Many of the ideas for these modifications came from soldiers in the field. In one example, soldiers used a damaged B-24 to design a transport plane. butt in the United States, Consolidated put their ideas into mass production. The B-24 was rugged, innovative and flexible. It king be argued that its greatest effect on the war came from the sheer number of planes produced. More B-24s flew in the war than any other plane. The Ford Motor company was the unquestioned master of mass production. It had an unrivaled ability to produce huge numbers of machines very quickly.It is this type of industrial might that finally overwhelmed the Axis powers. The B-24 Liberator was symbolic of that power. Notes 1. Philip Makanna. 1995. Ghosts in the Skies Aviation of the Second World War. (San Francisco Chronicle Books), p. 156. 2. Philip Makanna. 1995. Ghosts in the Skies Aviation of the Second World War. (S an Francisco Chronicle Books), p. 157. 3. Bill Gunston. 2000. History of Military Aviation. (London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93. 4. Bill Gunston. 2000. History of Military Aviation. (London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93. 5. Charles Gross. 2002.American Military Aviation The Indispensable Arm. (College Station, TX Texas A&M University Press), p. 106. 6. Bill Gunston. 2000. History of Military Aviation. (London Hamlyn Pub. ), p. 93. 7. Charles Gross. 2002. American Military Aviation The Indispensable Arm. (College Station, TX Texas A&M University Press), p. 207. 8. Christopher Chant. 1992. The Military History of the United States (Vol. 9). (New York Marshall Cavendish), p. 91. 9. Christopher Chant. 1992. The Military History of the United States (Vol. 9). (New York Marshall Cavendish), p. 126.